@conference {41913,
	title = {Increased hepatic skatole exposure via rumen infusion increases skatole concentration in peripheral circulation and inter-muscular fat in sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {295-299},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Napier},
	abstract = {Skatole meat taint is unique to pastoral systems where high forage digestibility results in tryptophanderived skatole production at rates that exceed the clearance capacity of the liver. We hypothesise that under conditions of minimal endogenous skatole production (diet low in rumen degradable protein) a continuous rumen infusion of skatole will elevate hepatic exposure and modify tissue skatole metabolism. A 72 hour rumen infusion of skatole (140 mg/h; n = 6) dissolved in propane-1,2-diol (PD) or PD media alone (n = 6) was performed. Samples of rumen fluid and blood were collected at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48 and 72 hours for determination of skatole concentration. Infusion of skatole increased (P < 0.01) levels of skatole in rumen fluid (21 {\textmu}g/g), peripheral plasma (154 ng/ml) and inter-muscular fat (4240 ng/g). A two-compartment model was fitted to the rumen and plasma skatole concentration of treated sheep to estimate the rate of transfer from rumen to peripheral plasma (k = 0.23 {\textpm} 0.03/h) and the rate of elimination from peripheral circulation (k = 2.10 {\textpm} 0.56/h). A negative correlation (P < 0.05) between the rate of elimination and level of skatole deposition in inter-muscular fat was also found. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Deighton MH and Pacheco D and Tavendale MH and Schreurs NM and Peters JS and McNabb WC and Roy NC}
}
@conference {41357,
	title = {The effect of condensed-tannins in fresh Sulla (Hedysarum coronarium) on the net flux of fatty acids across the mammary gland and their secretion in the milk of lactating ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {231-235},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {<p>Twelve sheep were surgically prepared with catheters in the mesenteric artery and mammary vein and a transonic flow probe around the pudendal artery to quantify the effect of condensed-tannins (CTs) on net mammary flux of fatty acids (FAs) and their secretion in milk. Two weeks later (Day 0), sheep were fed fresh Sulla (1500 g DM/d), which contains medium to high concentration of CTs (43.7 g CTs/kg DM). Six ewes were orally drenched (four times/d) with polyethylene glycol (160 g/d in water) to remove the effects of CTs; the remaining ewes received water. On Day 28, the mammary plasma flow and net flux of most FAs were similar between treatments. Arterial supply of C23:0, C18:2, C18:3, C20:1 and C22:5 to the mammary gland was increased (P\&lt;0.10) with CTs. The increase for C18:2 and C18:3 was concomittant with increased (P\&lt;0.10) concentrations in milk. No effect of CTs on total fat concentration and yield in milk was observed. Conclusions from this study indicate that CTs in Sulla increased the milk concentration of C18:2 and C18:3 by increasing arterial supply of these FAs to the mammary gland.</p>},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Roy NC and Knight TW and Reynolds GW and Deighton MH and Death AF and Sinclair BR and Peters JS and McNabb WC}
}
