@conference {41870,
	title = {Impaired insulin secretion in perfused pancreases isolated from offspring of protein malnourished rats},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {77-82},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Napier},
	abstract = {Insufficient maternal protein intake may contribute to changes in carbohydrate metabolism and subsequent diabetes mellitus in adult mammalian progeny. Here, female rats (a model of mammalian metabolism) were fed throughout pregnancy and lactation with otherwise-complete isocaloric diets sufficient (20\% whey protein, control (C)) or insufficient (5\% whey protein, low-protein (LP)) in protein. From weaning, all offspring ate diet C. Weight gain of LP mothers during gestation was less than C mothers (C: 117 g vs. LP: 78 g, SED = 9, P },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Barnett MPG and Phillips ARJ and Harris PM and Cooper GJS}
}
@conference {41400,
	title = {The effects of insulin on the milk production of pasture-fed Jersey cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2003},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {35-39},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Queenstown},
	abstract = {The aim of this experiment was to determine the effects of insulin on milk protein production in lactating, pasturefed dairy cows. Five lactating rumen-fistulated Jersey cows were subjected to a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp (HEC) with and without an abomasal infusion of casein (310g/d) in a two period cross-over design experiment. The HEC significantly reduced milk yield in the control cows compared to casein-infused cows (9.9 {\textpm} 0.5 vs 13.2 {\textpm} 0.5 kg/d, P<0.001). Milk protein yield was significantly higher in the casein-infused cows compared to the control cows (482 {\textpm} 16 vs 421 {\textpm} 16 g/d, P<0.05). The HEC significantly reduced milk protein yield in the control cows compared to casein-infused cows (311 {\textpm} 16 vs 459 {\textpm} 16 g/d, P<0.001). The use of the HEC technique in pasture-fed cows did not result in the milk protein response reported in concentrate-fed cows. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Back PJ and MacKenzie DDS and Davis SR and Harris PM and Lee J}
}
@conference {41402,
	title = {Protein concentration in the rat maternal diet programs appetite and glucose metabolism in the offspring},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2003},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {45-48},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Queenstown},
	abstract = {The effect of dietary protein concentration throughout gestation and lactation on maternal appetite, and appetite and glucose metabolism of the offspring, was investigated. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing either 20\% whey protein (control; C, n=20) or 5\% whey protein (low-protein; LP, n=30) through gestation and lactation. LP mothers gained less weight during gestation (88 vs. 136 g, SED=18, P<0.01), and consumed less food during lactation (451 vs. 902 g, SED=77, P<0.001). C offspring were heavier at birth (6.5 vs. 5.3 g, SED=0.5, P<0.05), consumed more food (273 vs. 178 g, SED=15, P<0.05), and gained weight more rapidly (5.9 vs. 3.7 g/day, SED=0.4, P<0.001) than LP offspring. LP offspring had lower fasted blood glucose at 40 (2.2 vs. 3.5 mmol/L, SED=0.4, P<0.01) and 50 (2.9 vs. 4.8 mmol/L, SED=0.2, P<0.001) days of age and were more sensitive (P<0.001) in response to a glucose challenge at 30 (498 vs. 615 mmol/L min, SED=24), 40 (557 vs. 700 mmol/L min, SED=24) and 50 (535 vs. 781 mmol/L min, SED=44) days of age. These results show that maternal dietary protein concentration during gestation and lactation programs appetite and glucose metabolism in the offspring. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Barnett MPG and Harris PM and Cooper GJS}
}
@conference {41271,
	title = {Effects of insulin on amino acid uptake by the mammary gland of the pasture-fed lactating ruminant},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2001},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {144-147},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {Twelve lactating ewes housed indoors were allocated to one of two treatment groups (hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp (HEC) or control) in a randomised block design experiment. Mammary amino acid uptake from plasma and utilisation for milk protein synthesis was measured during the fourth day of the HEC using the arterio-venous concentration difference (A-V) technique. There was no change in milk protein output during the HEC (P>0.05). The HEC induced a significant decrease in arterial concentrations of all essential amino acids (EAA) except for histidine and an increase in the extraction efficiency of isoleucine (HEC, 61 {\textpm} 3\% vs. control, 52 {\textpm} 3\%, P<0.05) and leucine (HEC, 64 {\textpm} 3\% vs. control, 53 {\textpm} 3\%, P<0.05). There was no significant change in extraction efficiency of other EAA or mammary blood flow. The ratio of amino acid uptake from plasma to output in milk protein suggested deficits in uptake for some EAA in both treatments, especially histidine. These results indicate that the mammary gland can adapt to a changing arterial supply of amino acids to maintain milk protein output by increasing extraction efficiency and/or a greater reliance on amino acids supplied by erythrocytes and/or plasma peptides. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Back PJ and Davis SR and MacKenzie DDS and Harris PM and Roy NC and Lee J}
}
@conference {41073,
	title = {Lack of effect of short term chromium supplementation in lactating Jersey cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {58-61},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The responses of dairy cattle to chromium (Cr) supplementation reported in the literature suggest that it has the potential to reduce the incidence of both mastitis and ketosis. The effect of Cr supplementation of pasture fed dairy cows in early lactation was studied. Ten lactating Jersey cows fitted with rumen fistula were infused with either Cr-yeast (n=4), casein (n=3) or buffer only (controls; n=3) directly into the abomasum. All cows were subjected to a hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp. Preliminary results show that there was no effect of Cr supplementation on milk yield, cortisol and b-hydroxy butyrate concentrations and somatic cell counts. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Back PJ and Lee J and MacKenzie DDS and Davis SR and Harris PM}
}
@conference {41029,
	title = {The effects of Insulin-nutrient supply interactions on ewe lactation},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {58},
	year = {1998},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {205-208},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Six lactating abomasally cannulated ewes were subjected to a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp with or without casein supplementation in a two period crossover design experiment. There was a significant response in milk (1169 {\textpm} 46 g/d vs 952 {\textpm} 46 g/d, P<0.001) and milk protein (66.4 g/d {\textpm} 2.7 g/d vs 54.2 g/d {\textpm} 2.7 g/d P<0.006), yield from casein supplemented ewes. There was no overall effect of the clamp on milk and milk protein yield, while the interaction was also non-significant. However, there was a significant reduction in feed intake (P<0.001) as the clamp continued, which may have compromised milk and milk protein response. There was also a significant period effect across all the measured parameters, which could also be a stage of lactation effect, due to the rapid decline of milk production during ewe lactation. In this study, in contrast to concentrate-fed cows, the utilisation of this technique did not increase milk protein yield in pasture fed lactating ewes. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Back PJ and MacKenzie DDS and Davis SR and Harris PM}
}
@conference {40886,
	title = {Localisation of transforming growth factor Beta1-like immunoreactivity in foetal and mature skin from Romneys and Merinos.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {51-56},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Skin samples removed from sheep foetuses at weekly intervals during gestation were studied to examine how between breed differences in follicle development are induced. Immunocytochemical methods were used to examine the localisation of the peptide transforming growth factor-Beta1 (TGFb1 ). Our observations indicate general localisation of TGFb1 in the skin between 83 and 104 days of gestation in both Romney and Merino breeds. This coincides with the maturation of primary follicles and the development of sebaceous and sweat glands. TGFb1 immunoreactivity was maintained in primary follicles (particularly the presumptive inner root sheath cells in lower regions of the bulb), sweat gland and sebaceous gland but by day 134, a more discrete localisation was observed in the inner root sheath (IRS), outer root sheath (ORS) and sebaceous gland with intense immunoreactivity in the sweat gland. The timing of the localisation and the lack of difference between the breeds suggest that variation in the TGFb1 level is unlikely to have a regulatory role in primary and secondary follicle initiation but may play a role in regulating the diverse differentiation pattern of various cell types within the follicle. The intense immunoreactivity in mature sweat glands suggests a possible osmoregulatory role for TGFb1 in the skin.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hocking-Edwards JE and Thomas DG and Birtles MJ and Harris PM and McCutcheon SN and Wickham GA}
}
@conference {40932,
	title = {Metabolic changes in the mammary gland of sheep prior to, and at, parturition.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {209-211},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Four sheep fitted with an indwelling catheter in the femoral artery and a transit time ultrasonic flow probe around the left pudendal artery (supplying the mammary gland) were used to quantitate changes in mammary blood flow (MBF) in late pregnancy and lactation, and to determine the extraction of glucose and oxygen by the mammary gland. Mammary vein blood samples were collected by venipuncture. Considerable variation existed in the pattern of change in MBF between individual sheep. In two animals, MBF through the pudic artery fitted with the flow probe doubled to 600 mL/min on the day of lambing (DL), while in the other two sheep, MBF varied little in response to lambing. Possible explanations for this difference between individuals are discussed. Glucose extraction trebled on DL from 6.0 to 18.7\% (P<0.01) and remained high during lactation in relation to milk output. Oxygen extraction by the mammary gland peaked during the last week of pregnancy (at 45.7\%) and during lactation it was related linearly to milk output. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Revell DK and Harris PM and Cottam YH and Reynolds GW and Lee J}
}
@conference {40797,
	title = {The metabolic cost of hepatic ammonia detoxification},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {130-132},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The quantity of ammonia removed from portal blood by the ovine  liver was measured using four sheep prepared with in-dwelling catheters in  the hepatic region and fed either lucerne pellets (L) or white clover (WC) at  900 gDM/day. Following blood sampling, plasma ammonia and oxygen  concentrations were determined. The portal ammonia concentration and  flow were significantly (P<0.01) affected by the diet (304 and 646 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Greaney KB and Reynolds GW and Ulyatt MJ and MacKenzie DDS and Harris PM}
}
@conference {40792,
	title = {The role of the vagal innervation of the gut in insulin release in lactating ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {110-113},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The vagal innervation of the pancreas and upper gastrointestinal tract  has been implicated in the release of insulin in response to hyperglycaemia  in several mammalian species. Therefore the role of the vagal innervation of  the abomasum and upper small intestine in the release of insulin and its  effect on glucose metabolism was studied in lactating ewes because of the  importance of glucose for milk synthesis and secretion in ruminants. Vagal  fibres innervating the abomasum, pylorus and duodenum were sectioned in  3 lactating ewes (VAG); 3 control lactating ewes underwent sham- operations (SHAM). Seven and 14 days after the surgery, all animals were  given an intravenous injection of glucose (100 mg/kg BW) and jugular  blood samples collected for glucose and insulin determinations. Plasma  glucose concentration (mean },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Herath CB and Reynolds GW and MacKenzie DDS and Davis SR and Harris PM}
}
@conference {40776,
	title = {Utilisation of methionine by the mammary gland of the lactating goat},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {53-57},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The goat milk protein, a-lactalbumin, contains no methionine residues,  hence if 35S label is supplied to the gland in the form of labelled methionine  only, the appearance of 35S in a-lactalbumin gives a measure of  transsulphuration of methionine to cysteine within the gland. Two lactating  Saanen goats were surgically modified with catheters implanted in the  mammary milk vein, femoral and external pudic mammary artery, and  jugular vein to enable infusion of 35S-methionine, into either the whole  body (jugular) or directly into the gland, and repetitive blood sampling.  Specific radioactivity of methionine in the blood and milk proteins was  determined at hourly intervals for 9 hours. Radioactivity of 35S was  determined in a-lactalbumin when 35S-methionine was supplied directly to  the gland via the mammary artery, but could not be detected when supplied  via the jugular vein. Analysis of mammary tissue from the latter experiment  did however show the appearance of 35S label in the intracellular cysteine  pool which was derived from methionine. Both approaches suggested that  transsulphuration within the gland, although small, may be important  especially when supply of methionine to the gland is high. The fractional extraction of plasma methionine by the gland for two goats  was 46.4},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Lee J and Treloar BP and Sinclair BR and Prosser CG and Davis SR and Harris PM}
}
@conference {40704,
	title = {Response of trace element concentrations in plasma of sheep to chronic infusion of a recombinant variant of IGF-1},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {179-182},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Bio-ijmpedance (BI) is the opposition of biological tissues to the flow  of an alternating low electrical current. Tissue BI is quantitatively inversely  related with tissue hydrational status.   Several reproductive events of importance in the management of the cow are  characterised by changes in fluid content and electrolyte concentration of the  genital tissues; these changes can be detected and quantified by genital tissue  BI monitoring.   The objective of this presentation is to review existing and potential  applications of monitoring genital tissue BI in cows as aids to cattle  reproductive management.   The main application is genital BI monitoring to determine the optimal  insemination time. It is based on the fact that intravaginal and vulvar tissue  BI decline ca 10-30\% during the peri-ovulatory stage of the ovarian  cycle. Genital BI measurements can also be used to detect pending calving  as well as post partum reproductive disorders: vulvar BI, measured  with chronically implanted electrodes, declines ca 15 d before, and  remains low until calving. During ca 40d post-calving, vulvar BI  increases gradually and stabilises at about the time of resumption of ovarian  luteal cyclicity.   Intravaginal BI during the first 4-6 weeks post-calving is significantly lower  in cows with reproductive disorders than in },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Lee J and Rounce JR and Hocking-Edwards JE and Harris PM}
}
@conference {40584,
	title = {The effect of whole body cysteine supplementation on cysteine utilization by the skin of a well-fed sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {139-142},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Research, in both New Zealand and Australia, is being directed towards  
enhancing the sulphur amino acid supply of sheep by either plant or animal  
modification.  This study investigated the effects of such improved systeine  
supply in well-fed sheep on both whole body and skin metabolism of cysteine..   
The level of cysteine supplementation chosen (2g/d) represented about a 50\%  
increase in absorbed cysteine.  Cysteine was supplied by jugular infusion to  
avoid loss during gut absorption.  At this level of cysteine supplementation a  
preliminary trial on sheep fed either 700 g or 1250 g lucerne chaff showed no  
significant effect on wool production but a significant increase in wool sulfur  
(S) concentration over a one month period of treatment. 
 
In a second trial, two groups of five, 40kg, cryptorchid Romney sheep were  
offered 1200 g/d of lucerne chaff and one group was supplemented with 2g/d  
cysteine for five days prior to measurement, with the other group receiving  
saline only.  Cysteine supplementation increased whole body cysteine  
utilization (irreversible loss of 35S-cysteine) from 4.7 {\textpm} 0.4 to 6.4 {\textpm} 0.3 g/d,  
while appearance of 35S-cysteine in the oxidation pool increased by 37\%.   
Cysteine supplementation resulted in an increase in circulating cysteine  
concentration (33.8 {\textpm} 5.6 to 51.1 {\textpm} 12.0 {\textmu}M) but blood flow to the skin patch  
(measured by dye dilution) was reduced from 0.29 {\textpm} 0.03 to 0.21 {\textpm} 0.02ml.  
min-1.g-1 skin.  Hence the cysteine flux through the skin (blood flow times  
concentration) was unchanged.  Nevertheless uptake of 35S-cysteine by the skin  
increased with supplementation from 12.8 {\textpm} 2.7 to 22.8 {\textpm} 2.7\%, resulting in a  
significant increase in skin utilization of cysteine for protein synthesis. 
 
The results suggest that enhancing cysteine supply within the sheep does not  
proportionately improve cysteine availability for protein synthesis.  Instead a  
large proportion of the extra supply is oxidised.  Additionally, although  
enhanced whole body cysteine supply does not improve skin cysteine supply  
(or flux), increased arterial cysteine concentration appears to stimulate skin  
cysteine transport into cells so that increased cysteine utilization for protein  
synthesis is still achieved. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Harris PM and Lee J and Sinclair BR and Treloar BP}
}
@conference {40582,
	title = {Prenatal wool follicle development in Romney, Merino and Merino- Romney cross sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {131-134},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The prenatal development of wool follicles has been described separately  
for the Merino and Romney but a comparative study of both breeds and their  
cross has not been undertaken.  This study compared the rate and timing of  
follicle development in midside skin samples from Romney, Merino and  
Merino-Romney cross (MxR) foetuses slaughtered at weekly intervals from day  
76 to 144 of gestation. 
 
The development pattern of total number of follicles per unit area of skin  
differed between genotypes as indicated by a significant (P<0.001) genotype x  
gestational age interaction.  The total follicle density of each genotype  
increased from day 76 to day 105 at which time the follicle density of the  
Romney peaked at 229 follicles/mm2.  Total follicle density of the MxR  
continued to increase to between 420 and 510 follicles/mm2 between day 104  
and 122 of gestation and the Merino reached a peak of 1170 follicles/mm2 at  
day 125 of gestation.  The density of immature (i) and mature fibre-bearing (f)  
primary follicles (P(f+i)) did not differ (P>0.10) between genotypes over time,  
with each genotype reaching a maximum density of P(f+i) between days 83 and  
90 of gestation.  Primary follicles (P) began to reach maturity by gestational  
day 90 in the MxR and by day 97 in the Merino and the Romney (P>0.10).  In  
all genotypes, secondary follicle (S) initiation began at around day 90 with a  
small proportion starting to form fibres by day 105 of gestation.  There was a  
significant interaction between genotype and gestational age for both the  
density of S(f+i) (P<0.0001) and the density of S(f) (P<0.01).  Specifically, 
S(f+i) increased to 175 follicles/mm2 in the Romney, 440 follicles/mm2 in the 
MxR and 900 follicles/mm2 in the Merino at 105, 105 and 125 days gestation  
respectively, after which S(f+i) density stayed relatively constant up to birth. 
 
These results indicate that follicle initiation and fibre formation in different  
genotypes occurs at similar ages during fetal growth.  The high total follicle  
density in the Merino is due to a high S density which, in turn, is due to S  
initiation continuing for longer than in either the Romney or MxR.  These data  
provide a model for the identification of certain physiological factors which  
affect secondary follicle initiation and development. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hocking-Edwards JE and Birtles MJ and Harris PM and Parry AL and Paterson E and Wickham GA and McCutcheon SN}
}
@conference {40575,
	title = {The utilisation of whole body cysteine by the mammary gland of the lactating goat},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {103-106},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Three lactating Saanen goats weighing 55-71 kg, producing 1.2-3.6 kg  
milk/day and fed <I>ad libitum</I> concentrates and hay, were infused via a  
jugular catheter with 35S-cysteine (35S-Cys) at 9.3 mCi/min for 9 hours.   
Blood samples were taken hourly and mammary tissue biopsied terminally.   
Concentrations and specific radioactivities (SRA) of cysteine (Cys) and  
glutathione (GSH) were determined in whole blood, plasma and mammary tissue.   
Mean arterial concentrations (nmoles/g{\textpm}SE) of Cys and GSH in whole blood,  
plasma and red blood cells were: 71{\textpm}7, 79{\textpm}9 and 19{\textpm}8; and 823{\textpm}30, 1.6{\textpm}01 and   
3426{\textpm}124 respectively.  Arterial SRA in whole blood at plateau (7-9h) of  
35S-Cys (352{\textpm}13 dpm/nmole) was higher than that for GSH (5.9{\textpm}0.7 
dpm/nmole).   
However the difference between intracellular SRA for Cys and GSH in  
mammary gland tissue was much less (231{\textpm}23 vs 146{\textpm}13 dpm/nmole).  Total  
uptake of Cys by one half of the mammary gland was 0.5{\textpm}0.2 g/day.  Whole  
body irreversible loss rate of Cys was 7.3{\textpm}0.7 g/day, giving a percentage  
utilisation of whole body Cys by the mammary gland of 13.6{\textpm}4.3. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Knutson RJ and Lee J and Davis SR and Harris PM and MacKenzie DDS and McCutcheon SN}
}
@conference {40423,
	title = {The effect of condensed tannin containing diets on whole body amino acid utilisation in Romney sheep: consequences for wool growth},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {243-246},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Fleece production, fibre characteristics and spring liveweight  in adult alpaca, tui and cria farmed in the South Island are reported.  The shearing and fibre classing techniques are also described.  Liveweight at shearing was 63.9kg, 65.7kg and 67.8kg for 1989, 1990 and  1991 respectively which is markedly increased from the South American  records. The latter two years are significantly (p<0.05) higher than  the initial year (1989) following importation. Clean fleece weight was  similar in the latter two years, averaging 1.8 kg, but fibre diameter  was significantly (p<0.05) coarser from 25.2 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Lee J and Harris PM and Sinclair BR and Treloar BP}
}
@conference {40430,
	title = {Investigations of wool follicle morphology and cell proliferation in sheep with different levels of wool production},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {273-276},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Holle SA and Harris PM and Davies AS}
}
@conference {40199,
	title = {Nutritional partitioning of growth for productive gain},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {81-90},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Artificial insemination (AI) is widely used throughout New   Zealand dairy herds because it is convenient and allows herd owners to   utilise semen from intensively selected genetically superior sires.   The future focus of AI use will be to synchronise oestrus in maiden   heifers and cows to further concentrate seasonal calving patterns.   There will also be continued use of progesterone-based treatments to   stimulate ovarian activity in anoestrous cows and to increase pregnancy   rates in inseminated cows.     Aspects of behaviour and marked seasonality in red deer and fallow deer   currently present challenges to increasing the use of AI and controlled   breeding in these species. It would be preferable to have   fawning/calving in spring instead of summer, with or without the use of   AI. However, the semen production of stags is best from 4 weeks after   the onset of the induced or normal rut. This potentially increases the   dependence on deep frozen semen and increases the need for the uterine   deposition of sperm to increase sire coverage and achieve satisfactory   pregnancy rates. Controlled use of hormones will produce altered   calving/fawning dates and developing semen collection/processing   techniques will increase the use of AI in deer.    },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Harris PM and Waghorn GC and Lee J}
}
@conference {40137,
	title = {The effect of exogenous melatonin, administered in summer, on wool growth and testis diameter of Romneys},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {35-38},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The expansion of molecular biology across most biological fields has meant an increasing application of this technology to agriculture. One of the most exciting new areas to emerge has been that of transgenic animal production. Genes, from a variety of sources, can be incorporated into the early embryo and therefore effectively alter the genotype, and even the physiology of an animal. Most of the work has been conducted using the laboratory mouse. Translation of the technology to the domestic animal has not met with great success, partly because of the genes and promoters chosen and partly because of the difficulty and expense in obtaining large numbers of suitable early embryos for gene incorporation. An efficient gene incorporation system is cow embryos ideally requires the development of a number of novel embryological techniques. They include in vitro maturation and fertilisation of bovine oocytes from abattoir- sourced ovaries, in-vitro culture to allow the development of fertilised embryos to readily transferable stages, satisfactory techniques for incorporating genes into the embryo and techniques such as embryonic cloning to exploit the transgenic cattle produced. The various techniques, their problems and successes are described in depth in this paper. A research programme has been initiated to link embryology, dairy science and molecular biology techniques with the aim of producing transgenic cattle with modified milk composition.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Harris PM and Xu ZZ and Blair HT and Dellow DW and McCutcheon SN and Cockrem J}
}
@conference {40115,
	title = {Measurement of blood flow and amino acid metabolism in the skin of sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1988},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {187-190},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Measuring pasture yields to achieve management goals on farms, or in regions, distant from research stations requires techniques both practical and sensitive to localised factors such as soil type, pasture species, and adapted management technology. In addition, such techniques must be compatible with any quantitative comparisons which need to be made between the farm and the distant research station. Pasture dry matter (DM) yield on a paddock scale is measured by a 2-stage process of yield estimation, and calibration to DM. Using data collected in Northland, this paper shows how the methods of DM yield assessment vary according to the end-use. For example, a cursory eye estimate without calibration is suitable for assessing DM for wintering livestock at high grazing pressure, while, for farm cover assessment, detailed yield estimation allied with detailed quadrat cutting could be necessary. The index of total DM used on research stations can be provided on farms by cutting techniques which measure only to a trimmed level and do not include the stubble component to ground level. The stubble component can be an extract value provided by an expert skilled in comparing different pastures.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Harris PM and Dellow DW and Sinclair BR}
}
