@conference {42002,
	title = {Concentrations of pesticides in fleeces after pour-on and saturation dipping of Merino sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {320-325},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Wanaka},
	abstract = {A year-long farm trial was performed in 2003/04 to determine the relative efficacies of commercial formulations of diflubenzuron and triflumuron lousicides and measure pesticide concentrations in different parts of the fleece throughout the year. Significant differences were found between the concentrations of pesticides present on samples of fleeces taken from the back and side initially (P<0.05), 5 months (P<0.001), and 12 months (P<0.05) after pour-on treatments. The bulk of the pesticides from pour-on treatments remained in the zone where they had been applied and little moved to the sides of the sheep. Five months after application pesticide concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.001) in staple tip compared with butt samples on both back and side fleece samples for pour-on or jetting treatments, confirming recent predictions that diffusion of pesticides in greasy wool will be limited. Concentrations in butt samples from 5 months onwards were near or less than the mean LD95 doses reported for diflubenzuron for susceptible {\textendash} 0.31 mg/kg, 95\% confidence limits (CL) 0.16-1.25 mg/kg {\textendash} and resistant lice populations {\textendash} 4.4 mg/kg, 95\% CL 1.4-71 mg/kg. The results offer a possible explanation for the anecdotal reports of poor efficacy of some pour-on louse treatments and treatment failures on farm.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Rankin DA and Reid TC and Cole DJW and Urquhart RA and Syhre MS}
}
@conference {42007,
	title = {Variation of fibre characteristics important in processing, over the body of Australian brushtail possum ( Trichosurus vulpecula )},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {67},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {351-355},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Wanaka},
	abstract = {The amounts of fur and processing properties of fur from the Australian Brushtail Possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) were determined. The amounts of fur per animal ranged from 18 {\textendash} 94 g depending on the sizes of the animals, with 75\% coming from the body, 10 - 151\% from each of the belly and tail. Fur from the belly was shorter and finer than that from the body, which was shorter and finer than that from the tail (20.1 vs. 27.1 vs. 37.9 mm; 16.2 vs. 17.7 vs. 22.9 {\textmu}m respectively (P < 0.001). Belly fur was less curved than body or tail fur (47.2 vs. 52.8 and 55.6 {\textdegree}/mm respectively (P < 0.001)). The fibre curvature of fur from all three body sites was half to two thirds of the curvature expected for Merino wool of similar diameter. Coefficients of variation of both fibre length and fibre diameter were approximately double those normally observed in Merino wool (coefficient of variation (CV) = 32.8\% (length) and 47.6\% (diameter)). The number of medullated fibres was high (mean = 44.5\% by weight), with most of the coarser fibres being medullated. The cuticle scale structure was smoother than Merino wool. The high degree of medullation observed contributes to the reported high insulation value of the fur as it results in a high number of fibres for the weight. The relatively low curvature and low scale profile, give the fibre a smooth, slippery surface. This makes processing difficult and causes problems for fibre retention in fabric.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Causer SM and Urquhart RA and Woods JL}
}
@conference {41641,
	title = {Sources of dark fibre contamination in some lines of mid-micron fleece wools - Brief Communication},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {193-194},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Napier},
	abstract = {High-throughput technologies in the era of post-genomics provide new opportunities to investigate complex biological systems. Data can be collected for a system of interest at the level of gene expression, protein expression and metabolite concentration changes and then used for the assessment of interactions of molecules. However, the vast amount of information also poses challenges for data management, analysis, and interpretation. This paper aims to outline the technical complexity and the sources of variation in the technologies involved in molecular systems biology and computational strategies for data integration.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Urquhart RA}
}
@conference {41521,
	title = {Dark fibre content of some New Zealand export wool consignments},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {282-285},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {Levels of dark fibre contamination were determined on 49 core samples of scoured wool, representing 30 export consignments of crossbred wool received from three exporting companies. The concentrations of dark fibres ranged from 0 to over 3300/kg. Only four consignments contained less than 100 dark fibres/kg, twelve contained less than 500/kg, while four contained more than 2000/kg. The two highest levels of contamination (>2300/kg) were found in consignments containing lambs wool, although other consignments with lambs wool contained relatively low levels (<500/kg). Some fleece blends also contained relatively high levels of contamination (>1000/kg). All consignments containing down fleece wool were contaminated with dark fibres to levels which were highly correlated with the proportions of down fleece wool. Overall, 53\% (range 7-100\%) of the dark fibres found were melanin pigmented, 14 \% (range 4-33\%) were urine stained and 25\% (range 5-63\%) were of foreign origin. The results indicate that there is a considerable degree of dark fibre contamination in some export consignments of New Zealand crossbred wool. The one single factor consistently associated with increased levels of contamination was the presence of down fleece wool in the blend. The presence of lambs wool was associated with high levels of contamination in some consignments, but not in others. This suggests that only some lines of lambs wool contain high levels of dark fibre contamination. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Urquhart RA}
}
@conference {41520,
	title = {Zinc dipping can help reduce wool yellowing},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {64},
	year = {2004},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {277-281},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {On one farm dipping sheep once or twice with zinc sulphate had no effect on the yellowness of wool at shearing. When data from this farm were combined with data reported earlier, the reduction in yellowness was linearly related to the yellowness of the control group (P = 0.091, 0.032 for dipped once or twice, respectively). On another farm, groups of 20 rising two-tooth New Zealand Halfbred ewes were treated in February by either dipping with zinc sulphate solution (2.45 g Zn/l) or dosing with a zinc bolus. Both treatments reduced the yellowness of belly wool at crutching (May) (Y-Z = 4.31, 2.13 and 1.87 for control, bolus and dipped sheep, respectively, P<0.01), but had no effect on the yellowness of the flank wool (Y-Z = -0.16, -0.27, -0.06). Zinc concentrations in clean wool (initial concentration = 78.5 mg/kg) were increased in all three groups at crutching but the differences were significant for the dipped group only (zinc concentrations = 160, 211, 340 mg/kg for control, bolus and dip, respectively, P<0.001). Thus, in some cases, increasing the concentrations of zinc in wool can reduce yellow discolorations at shearing. The effect will be greatest where wool from untreated sheep is yellowest. This could prove to be a useful method to improve wool quality on some farms. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Urquhart RA}
}
@conference {41430,
	title = {Can dipping sheep with zinc sulphate reduce wool yellowing?},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2003},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {164-168},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Queenstown},
	abstract = {On each of four farms, groups of ewes were either not dipped, dipped once or dipped twice with zinc sulphate solution (20 g/l). Base and challenge yellowness were determined on core wool samples collected at shearing. Dipping with zinc sulphate increased the zinc concentration of wool at shearing from 154 (range 77-321) to 421 (range 116- 1140) (dipped once) or 806 (range 143-1920) mg/kg (dipped twice).  Zinc sulphate dipping had no effect on the base yellowness of wool on three farms, but significantly reduced wool base yellowness on the fourth farm (Tristimulus (Y- Z) = 9.0 vs. 7.8 vs. 8.5 for control, dipped once and dipped twice, respectively) (P<0.01). In the laboratory, wool samples from all farms were significantly less yellow after challenge when sprayed before challenge with zinc sulphate solution than when sprayed with water (9.9 vs. 10.9; 7.1 vs. 10.0; 8.3 vs. 10.6; 11.3 vs. 13.1) (P<0.001). There was a significant relationship (R2  = 83.4\%, P<0.001) between the changes in zinc concentration resulting from zinc dipping and the changes in yellowness of the wool with challenge. These results indicate that dipping sheep with zinc may reduce discoloration of greasy wool at shearing under environmental conditions in which yellowing is maximised.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Urquhart RA}
}
@conference {41264,
	title = {Effect of incorporating East Friesian genes on wool characteristics},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2001},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {109-111},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {A study carried out on eight farms examined the effect of crossing the present flock (Corriedale or Romney) with East Friesians. Crossing East Friesian over Corriedales increased fibre diameter from 28.5{\textpm}0.1 {\textmu}m to 31.7{\textpm}0.2 {\textmu}m compared with straightbred Corriedales. Inclusion of up to {\textthreequarters} East Friesian breeding over Romneys reduced the fibre diameter from 36.3{\textpm}0.4 {\textmu}m to 31.4{\textpm}1.3 {\textmu}m compared with straightbred Romneys. The effect on bulk of crossing East Friesians over Corriedale was variable. Based on an average wool price of 500c/kg clean for 28 {\textmu}m Corriedale hogget fleece wool between 94/95 and 98/99, a change of 3.0 {\textmu}m is likely to reduce the expected wool price by approximately 7\%. Based on an average wool price of 400 c/kg clean for 36 {\textmu}m Romney hogget fleece wool, a change of 4.0 {\textmu}m is likely to increase the expected wool price by approximately 13\%.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Booker J}
}
@conference {41071,
	title = {Dag formation},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {52-54},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Dags are a major cost in sheep farming. This paper reports on differences in wool yield and mineral content of faeces associated with dag formation. Of 600 hoggets on a farm in Inland Canterbury, only three had dag scores greater than 0.5 in mid-March (mean dag score 0.030). After 10 weeks (mean dag score 0.4), 80\% of the animals recorded a dag score 0.5 or less and 40 animals (6.7\%) had dag scores of 2 or greater. In two other trials, wool samples showed no differences in wool grease, suint content or yield associated with differences in dagginess of the animals. Fresh faeces were collected from ewes from the Resistant (R) and Susceptible (S) FEC selection lines at Wallaceville which differ in dag formation. These lines did not differ in faecal dry matter, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium or potassium content. Lambs from these lines differed significantly in faecal potassium (mean = 13.8 mg/kg, R-S = 2.98 mg/kg (P<0.001)) and magnesium (mean = 5.7 g/kg, R-S = -0.82 g/kg (P<0.05)) contents. Faeces from lambs grazing low or high endophyte pasture also differed in potassium (12.8 vs. 15.3 g/kg, SED 1.18) and magnesium (7.6 vs. 6.0 g/kg, SED 0.67) content. These results point to differences in faeces associated with differing dag forming tendencies and may assist in explaining some of the mechanisms involved in dag formation. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Cottle D and Reid TC}
}
@conference {40894,
	title = {An investigation of techniques used to predict fleece rot incidence in sheep.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {83},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Fleece rot is a bacterial exudative dermatitis in sheep (Burrell, 1988) which occurs when the skin has been con-tinuously wet for 4 - 9 days. It is a major predisposing factor to the incidence of bodystrike - a form of flystrike -with a high genetic correlation of 0.9 (Atkins and McGuirk, 1979). This trial investigated the possibility of using fleece colour characteristics to predict the incidence of fleece rot in sheep.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Keown A-M and Reid TC}
}
@conference {40890,
	title = {The relationship between compounds causing scourable diffuse yellow and the yellowness of clean and greasy wool.},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {57},
	year = {1997},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {70-72},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {As part of a study of the chemistry of wool yellowing, a pilot survey was conducted to examine the frequency of occurrence of two yellow compounds previously isolated from the suint of a few yellow fleeces. The relationship between the amounts of these compounds present and the degree of discolouration was examined in clean and greasy wool from Merino (n = 48), Halfbred (n = 12), Corriedale (n = 26), Romney/Crossbred (n = 52), Cheviot (n = 10) and Perendale sheep (n = 8). The numbers of samples analysed, the mean yellowness (tristimulus Y-Z) and the relative proportions of the two yellow compounds detected are given in Table 1. Because not all the data was obtained for all samples, the number of data points used in each analysis may vary from those in this table. Of the 172 wool samples examined, one yellow compound was present in all of them, and a second yellow compound in 91\%. There was little relationship between the amounts of these compounds and the yellowness of the greasy wool. Furthermore, there were no significant relationships between the amounts of either compound and the yellowness of the clean wool. The results suggest that the coloured compounds isolated are universally distributed in the wool of New Zealand sheep and may be responsible, in part, for the degree of yellow discolouration in greasy wool. They would appear to have little, if any, impact on the colour of clean wool. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Wood JE and Reid TC}
}
@conference {40846,
	title = {Effect of wool length and season of shearing on the propensity of Romney, Coopworth and Perendale wool to yellow},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {324-327},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Propensity of wool to yellow is defined as its yellowness after  incubation for 14 days at 40 C and 100\% relative humidity. It was  determined for mid-side wool samples from Romney, Coopworth and  Perendale ewes shorn in summer and/or winter. All samples had a high propensity to yellow (mean Y-Z after challenge 13.0  SD 3.2). The breed ranking from lowest to highest was Perendale, Romney  and Coopworth (12.4, 13.1, 13.6, respectively; SED 0.2). Wool shorn in  winter was less susceptible to yellowing than wool shorn in summer (11.7 vs  14.4; SED 0.26) and short wool was less susceptible than long wool (12.0 vs  14.1; SED 0.26). There was a highly significant interaction between wool  length and time of shearing. Propensity to yellow of wool sampled at hogget shearing was not a  significant predictor of propensity to yellow of the adult fleece wool. The  measurement was repeatable between some, but not all, successive shearings  of adult ewes. This suggests that the method used may be useful in selecting  adults to reduce yellowness by breeding.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Sumner RMW and Sedcole JR and Botica KJ}
}
@conference {40845,
	title = {Optimising of the challenge test for the susceptibility of wool to yellow discolouration},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {319-323},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The pattern of wool fibre and follicle development was monitored for 20 Perendale lambs from lines selected for or against wool bulk. There was no significant difference in characteristics associated with wool bulk between selection lines at birth. These characteristics followed a curvilinear pattern of development with most of the change taking place between birth and 14 weeks of age then reaching a plateau by 35 weeks. The different rate of developmental change for each bulk line meant that by 14 weeks the high line had a greater follicle curvature grade, shorter follicle length, shallower follicle depth, more para-meso cortex and a higher fibre curvature. Together fibre curvature, fibre diameter and fibre diameter standard deviation explained around 70\% of the variation in hogget wool bulk from 25 weeks of age. From these results it is suggested that the potential of a sheep to producehigh bulk wool can be assessed using fibre curvature and fibre diameter from 6 months of age which allows hogget mating and/or early culling to be practised.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Aliaga JL and Sanderson RH and Maher AP and Reid TC}
}
@conference {40664,
	title = {Differences in propensity of wool to develop yellow discolouration in flocks of Perendale sheep selected for and against},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {46-49},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {CONFIRM is a recently developed test kit for verifying pregnancy in   dairy cows on the basis of the concentration of oestrone sulphate (OS)   measured in a milk sample taken at least 120 days after mating/insemination.   In this study, the performance of CONFIRM was evaluated using milk   samples from non-pregnant cows returning a },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Botica KJ and Sumner RMW}
}
@conference {40665,
	title = {Relationship between wool colour and fibre diameter in four breeds of sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {50-53},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The influence of season on the composition of milk from  approximately 200 Beta-lactoglobulin (B-LG) AA and 200 B-lactoglobulin  BB phenotype cows was determined for the 1992/93 and 1993/94 seasons.   Marked seasonal fluctuations were observed in all components measured:  protein, casein, whey protein, ash, lactose, alpha-lactalbumin, B-LG, alpha/s-  casein, Beta-casein, k-casein (k-CN), bovine serum albumin, calcium,  magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and phosphate. Significant  differences in composition were observed between the AA and BB  phenotype milks, with the Beta-LG BB phenotype milk containing more total  protein, casein, fat, and total solids, whereas the Beta-LG AA phenotype  milk contained more whey protein, Beta-LG, and had a higher ratio of Beta-  LG to k-CN. Such differences in composition could have a marked effect on  the physicochemical characteristics of these milks. The higher concentration  of casein found in the Betal-lactogloblin BB type milk should make this milk   type more suitable for the manufacture of cheese and casein.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Botica KJ}
}
@conference {40663,
	title = {Wool yellowing susceptibility: Heritability, genetic and phonotypic correlations with productive traits in Australian Merino, Corriedale and New Zealand Romney sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {45},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Forty-two identical twinsets were milked either once (ODM) or twice  (TDM) daily and offered pasture and silage, either to appetite (H) or  restricted to 50-60\% of this level (L) for the last 5 weeks of the 93/94  season. Pretreatment, uninfected cows produced 8.45+/-0.28 1 milk/d  (mean +/- S.E) with a mean somatic cell count (SCC) of 37.1+/-3.3 x  10/3 cells/ml). Milk yields were significantly reduced (P<0.001) by L  nutrition and by ODM. LogSCC was significantly increased (P<0.05) by L  nutrition, due to reduced milk volumes but was not affected by ODM.  Concentration of the serum-derived proteins, immunoglobulin G and bovine  serum albumin, increased significantly for L nutrition and ODM. This  suggests that involution had been accelerated in these animals, whose  average daily milk yield was below 5 1/d. In late lactation milking  should be discontinued for cows with milk yields of less than 5 1/d as  involution may be initiated below this yield.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Benavides MV and Young MY and Beatson PR and Maher AP and Reid TC}
}
@conference {40516,
	title = {Variability in the susceptibility of wool to yellowing},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {315-318},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The advent of highly polymorphic genetic markers in sheep has enabled, for the first time, a retrospective study of the pedigree records of New Zealand sheep flocks. Three research flocks and one study flock have been analysed.  The flocks were genotyped using a variety of microsatellite DNA markers and/or the polymorphic blood proteins transferrin, vitamin D binding protein, and ovine plasminogen antigen. The first flocks analysed were the half-sib Booroola pedigrees from progeny tests of heterozygous Booroola rams and their daughters. Of 291 daughters of rams, 7 were shown to have an incorrect sire assignment. The remaining flocks consisted of full sire/dam/offspring pedigrees. The stud flock showed 2 instances in 45 pedigrees where the sire was incorrectly assigned. Of 53 Inverdale lambs tested 5 were shown to have an incorrectly assigned parent and in 387 pedigrees from a progeny test flock at Woodlands only two pedigree errors were detected. These error rates are lower than previously estimated from field observations which give confidence in the use of these pedigrees for genetic selection.  Simple flock management techniques are described which help achieve the low error rates reported.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC}
}
@conference {40395,
	title = {Genetic parameters and performance of flocks selected for advanced lambing date},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {52},
	year = {1992},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {129-132},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Timing of the LH peak and ovulations in superovulated Coopworth  ewes synchronised with progesterone-containing CIDR},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smith JF and Johnson DL and Reid TC}
}
@conference {40346,
	title = {Wool growth in autumn and spring lambing ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {383-388},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Four trials in early to mid lactation investigated the effect of  supplementation with sodium bicarbonate on milk production from cows  grazing pasture. In Trial 1, 3 groups of 14 cows received 0, 100 g or  200 g NaHCO3/cow/day for 28 days. Trial 2 assessed whether any effects  of sodium carbonate were due to sodium by comparing no supplement, 200 g  NaHCO3/cow/day and 140 g NaC1 with three groups of 20 cows for 28 days.  In both trials treatments were administered by drenching at each  milking. Trial 3 assessed the importance of method of administration.  Treatments of no supplement, 100 g NaHCO3/cow/day by drenching at the  morning milking, or 100 g NaHCO3/cow/day in the drinking water were  administered to 3 groups of 20 cows, during three 21 day periods  according to a latin square design. Trial 4 compared rates of 0, 50,  and 100 g NaHCO3 via drinking water with 3 groups of 18 cows for 21  days.   In Trial 1 milk yield and protein yield were significantly reduced  (P<0.10) by drenching 200g NaHCO3/day, compared to the control cows  (14.,7 vs 15.3 kg milk/cow/day). The lower dose rate did not affect  milk yield or composition. In Trials 2 and 4, none of the treatments  significantly affected milk solid yields. Milk, protein and lactose  yields from cows on the trough treatment were higher than those for  control and drenched cows in Trial 3. Plasma magnesium was lower in  drenched cows than in control or trough treatment cows.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Sumner RMW}
}
@conference {40271,
	title = {Carcass composition of autumn- and spring-born lambs},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {489-492},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The sexual behaviour of alpacas joined under a selective  breeding programme was recorded to assess performance and to examine  ways of providing optimal conditions for mating. Groups of 4 females  and 1 male were joined in paddocks for 5 days (3 groups) or in pens for  3.5 hours on 2 consecutive mornings (3 groups). Sexual activity was  more variable in paddocks compared with pens, and more females were  mated in pens. Duration of copulation was longer in pens that in  paddocks, and for first compared with subsequent matings. Within pens,  sexual activity was more intense during the first hour following joining  than for the subsequent 2.5 hours, on Day 1 than on Day 2, and differed  between groups. Females became more receptive later in the mating  sessions. The study indicated that pen mating using small single-sire  groups, over short periods, was a suitable method of breeding alpacas.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Kirton AH and McQueen IPM}
}
@conference {40270,
	title = {Use of high fleece weight Romney rams for out-of-season lambing},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {50},
	year = {1990},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {487-488},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The export of live sheep by sea to the Middle East is an area  of public concern due, in part, to the high death rates on some voyages,  and to the perceptions of poor animal welfare during transport. This  paper review the history of sea transport of sheep, the practice,  investigations, welfare guidelines, and management progress in the New  Zealand live sheep trade. A recent study of sheep exported to the  Middle East has identified important behavioural indicators of stress  and welfare. The results of this study have led to the implementation  of new management systems to meet the identified behavioural  characteristics and requirements of British breed sheep. Voyage  mortalities consistently less than 1\% in sheep transported from NZ to  the Middle East can be expected.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Monigatti AC}
}
@conference {40176,
	title = {Effect of spraying pasture with fungicide on growth rates of grazing lambs in autumn and spring},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {49},
	year = {1989},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {245-248},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The hogget reproduction of 67 FF/F+ and 27 ++ (Booroola x Romney) x (Booroola x Perendale), 30 Waihora (WR) and 39 Marshall Romney (MR) hoggets was compared under 4 nutritional treatments. The September born ewe lambs were grazed from 6 January to 5 June at 4 different pasture allowances: 2, 4, 6, and 10 kg DM/ewe/d. Three allowances (2, 4, 10) were continued until 11 September, following this date all ewes grazed together. There were significant effects of allowance on the percentage of ewes tupped and pregnant. There was no effect of genotype on these fertility traits. The percentages of ewes lambing multiples/ewes lambing were FF/F+ 58, ++ 0, MR11, and WR 27. The percentages of lambs weaned/lambs born were similar: 72, 59, 77 and 79 respectively. The percentages of lambs weaned/ewes joined were 58, 26, 26, and 49 respectively.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Lauren DR}
}
@conference {40096,
	title = {The development of an autumn lambing flock of Dorset x Romney ewes without the use of hormones},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1988},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {87-90},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Aspects of seasonal physiology were monitored in red deer either untreated or treated with melatonin designed to advance the onset of the natural breeding season. Treated animals were implanted with melatonin at monthly intervals during December, January and February (adult stags and yearling hinds) or January and February (lactating hinds). Rutting behaviour, antler casting and velvet antler regrowth occurred up to 2 months earlier in melatonin-treated stags, while mean calving dates were advanced by 11 d in both groups of treated hinds. In yearling hinds, melatonin treatment advanced by about 1 month the phase of low growth which occurred in control hinds in autumn. However, treatment had little overall effect on live weight of yearling hinds or lactating hinds. Treated hinds moulted their red summer coats and grew lighter winter-like coats about 1 month earlier than untreated hinds. The growth rates of calves sucking melatonin-treated and untreated hinds were virtually identical. These results indicate that melatonin treatment can advance several aspects of seasonal physiology in deer.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McQueen IPM and Reid TC}
}
@conference {40097,
	title = {Performance parameters in an autumn lambing ewe flock},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {48},
	year = {1988},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {91-94},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Among the factors influencing the productivity and profitability of livestock, animal diseases deserve special attention because they diminish the capacity of the animal to achieve its inherent potential level of production, for any given feeding and management regimen. Evidence concerning the nature of the various effects of disease is reviewed, and a hierarchy of effects is defined. The major effects are on protein metabolism and secondarily on energy metabolism. Effects on feed intake are also common, but even diseases which severely ravage the wall of the gastrointestinal tract do not appear as a general rule to significantly reduce feed digestibility. The primary effects of disease on nutrient metabolism flow through to various consequential effects on the productivity of the individual animal, and hence on herd replacement patterns and herd improvement. At least some diseases can continue to affect productivity even after the disease has been cured by treatment. Consequently, the adage that prevention is better than cure has a sound scientific basis. Analyses have shown exceptionally high economic returns from disease prevention, commonly 500 to 1500\% return on invested funds. This is much higher than from curative methods in most cases. As veterinary science evolves from a curative approach towards an economically grounded health management approach, veterinarians will make use of evaluation aids through which the economic and practical implications of alternative actions are compared, so that the action most advantageous to the livestock enterprise can be taken.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Sumner RMW and Wilson LD}
}
@conference {40069,
	title = {An effect of copper supplementation on growth of beef cattle in Northland},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {47},
	year = {1987},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {123-124},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Oestrous synchronisation in ewes is normally achieved using polyurethane sponges containing progestagen. The recent development of silicone elastomer controlled internal drug releasers (CIDR) offers an alternative synchronising technique. The appropriate duration of CIDR treatment and timing of ram introduction has yet to be determined. Romney ewes had a CIDR type G inserted on the same date and withdrawn either 11, 12, 13, 14 or 15 d later (Trial 1). The ewes were joined in single sire groups with 9 rams at CIDR withdrawal. This confounding exists between duration and days since ram matings commenced. Matings were recorded over days 1 to 7 and 15 to 21. Cheviot ewes were jointed in single sire groups with 5 rams at either 30 or 48 h after CIDR withdrawal (Trial 2). Matings were recorded on days, 2 3 and 15 to 21. Pregnancy status was assessed by ultrasonic scanning. In Trial 1 more ewes mated by day 1 following 11 and 15 d CIDR durations than 11 to 13 d durations (10\% and 7\% v 4\%). Apart from this, longer durations were associated with fewer ewes subsequently mating. There was no association between duration of CIDR treatment and return matings, pregnancies to first service or multiple pregnancies. However, overall more ewes were pregnant following intermediate durations. In Trial 2 most of the ewes jointed at 30 h had mated by 48 h. By day 3, nearly all ewes had mated in both groups. Non-return rates (80\% v 63\%) and first service pregnancy rates (70\% v 58\%) were higher in ewes joined at 30 h than at 48 h. The final pregnancy rate was similar in both groups (88\% v 90\%). CIDRs should be timed to be withdrawn at 12 to 14 d to maximise pregnancy rates to 2 rounds of mating when ewes are progressively joined with rams. Joining rams at 30 rather than 48 h after withdrawal results in earlier lambing since more ewes are pregnant to matings at the synchronised oestrus.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC and Shannon PW}
}
@conference {40011,
	title = {Comparison of autumn/winter with spring pasture for growing beef cattle},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {46},
	year = {1986},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {145-148},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Ovine FSH was administered hourly to ewes for 48 h from the initiation of luteolysis. The mean ovulation rates of ewes receiving 2.5 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC}
}
@conference {39751,
	title = {Selenium, cobalt and copper supplementation of beef cattle in Northern Southland},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {41},
	year = {1981},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {293},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Reid TC}
}
@conference {39691,
	title = {Nutritional evaluation of kale (Brassica oleracea)},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {40},
	year = {1980},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {231-234},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Barry TN and Manley TR and Reid TC and Wilson KR and Hemmingsen P and Millar KR}
}
