@conference {75865,
	title = {The effect of carbohydrate type on milk and milk component yields in early lactation dairy cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {23-27},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Invercargill},
	abstract = {Providing additional energy to dairy cows in early lactation can increase energy intake, and improve production; however, different energy types may elicit different types of responses. The current study assessed the effect of supplementary feeding of starch, fibre, or sugar on milk and milk component yield. Sixty-eight dairy cows, due to calve over a 21-day period, were randomly assigned to one of four treatments at parturition (n = 17). Treatments consisted of a pasture-only control and pasture with starch, fibre or sugar based supplements. Supplements were formulated using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System v6.1 and fed at an isoenergetic rate to supply sufficient metabolisable energy and protein to support a target of 30 kg of potential milk production, assuming cows would consume 13 kg of pasture DM/day; 11 MJ ME/kg DM. The study ran for eight weeks, and data were analysed on a week of lactation basis. Relative to the control, milk and milk protein yields were higher for the starch- and fibre-based supplements, but similar for the sugar (P <0.01). Protein yields were highest in cows supplemented with starch (P <0.001), while fat yields were numerically highest in cows supplemented with fibre. These data confirm that the form of carbohydrate fed affects the types of responses seen when supplementing concentrates in early lactation.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Higgs RJ and Sheahan AJ and Mandok K and Roche JR}
}
@conference {41670,
	title = {Diet or strain: Effects on postpartum anovulatory interval in dairy cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {339-343},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Napier},
	abstract = {Changes in cow genetics and systems of farming have had large effects on the reproductive performance of dairy cows. The objective of this study was to determine if grain supplementation modified the previously identified effects of Holstein-Friesian (HF) strain on the postpartum anoestrus interval (PPAI). Thirty multiparous Overseas (OS) HF and 30 New Zealand-HF cows from a 1990s strain (NZ) were offered unrestricted access to fresh pasture and randomly allocated to three levels of a maize and barley-based concentrate supplementation (0, 3 or 6 kg DM/day). Postpartum anovulatory interval (PPAI) was not significantly affected by either strain or diet, and there was no significant strain x diet interaction. Results suggest that the nutritional requirements necessary for multiparous NZ or OS HF cows to resume oestrous cycles before 40 days postpartum can be achieved when offered unrestricted access to high quality pasture. In this circumstance, additional concentrate feeding did not alter the length of the postpartum anoestrous interval. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Chagas LM and Gore PJS and Sheahan AJ and Lee JM and Watkins KA and Aspin PW and Roche JR}
}
@conference {41937,
	title = {Supplementation with concentrates either pre- or post-partum does not affect milk production when diets are iso-energetic},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {416-422},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Napier},
	abstract = {Dairy cow glucose requirements increase dramatically during the weeks preceding calving, suggesting that supplements that increase glucose supply (rapidly fermentable carbohydrates) would reduce precalving mobilisation of body tissue and improve subsequent milk production. Sixty-eight multiparous dairy cows were randomly allocated to one of two diets for 36 {\textpm} 8.7 days precalving. All cows were fed pasture and pasture-silage precalving, with one group also receiving 3kg DM of a barley-maize concentrate. Precalving diets were iso-energetic (114 MJ/cow/day). At calving, cows within each precalving feeding treatments were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments for 35 days in a 2x2 factorial arrangement. Postcalving, all cows received pasture and pasture silage with one group also receiving 5.0 kg DM of a barley-maize concentrate. Postcalving diets were also iso-energetic (179 MJ/cow/day). Milk yield and composition, and liveweight (LW) and body condition score (BCS) were assessed weekly for five weeks. Blood was sampled on day -21, -14, -7, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 relative to calving, and plasma samples were analysed for indicators of energy status. Average milksolids yield (1.9 kg/cow/d) during the five weeks postcalving was not affected by either pre- or postcalving concentrate supplementation, although protein to fat ratio was higher in supplemented cows. Similarly, concentrate supplementation pre- or postcalving did not affect either LW or BCS change before or after calving. Cows receiving concentrates precalving had higher (P<0.001) plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations, but otherwise were not different to those receiving an equivalent energy intake from pasture and pasture silage. Postcalving concentrate supplementation increased (P<0.01) plasma glucose and NEFA and decreased (P<0.001) plasma B-OH butyrate. Results suggests little effect on milk production by replacing energy from structural carbohydrates in high quality pasture with energy from non-structural carbohydrate during the transition period. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Roche JR and Lee JM and Aspin PW and Sheahan AJ and Burke CR and Kolver ES and Sugar B and Napper AR}
}
