@article {3672,
	title = {Faecal avoidance in Romney sheep lines selected for resistance or resilience to gastro-intestinal nematodes},
	journal = {New Zealand Journal of Animal Science and Production},
	volume = {78},
	year = {2018},
	month = {07/2018},
	pages = {100-104},
	address = {Lincoln},
	abstract = {Faecal avoidance was assessed in Romney lambs from lines selected for resistance or resilience to gastro-intestinal nematode
parasites. Ten lambs from each selection line that were maintained in separate farmlets and naturally exposed to parasites were
assessed on distance grazed from either a mud-clay or faecal ball at 130, 150, 180 and 210 days-of-age. Resistant line animals
maintained lower faecal-egg counts compared with resilient lambs, viz. 25.6 c.f. 771.0 eggs per gram of faeces (P<0.001) and
greater Trichostrongylus colubriformis-specific immunoglobulin G absorbance (P=0.005) indicating differences between selection
lines in parasite loading and immunlogical status. Grazing distance from the object was greatest for faecal ball, viz. 11.53 {\textpm} 1.14
cm compared with mud-clay ball, viz. 4.19 {\textpm} 1.00 cm (P<0.001) and decreased with time (P<0.001). Grazing distance tended to be
greater for resilient, viz. 8.63 {\textpm} 1.14 cm than resistant, viz. 7.09 {\textpm} 0.99 cm (P=0.09) but there was no interaction between selection
line and ball type (P=0.709) indicating similar levels of faecal-specific aversion between the selection lines. These results suggest
that the lesser infection levels in resistant-line animals when grazing is unlikely to be due to reduced exposure to infective larvae
as a consequence of greater faecal avoidance.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hamie JC and Logan CM and McAnulty RW and Greer AW}
}
@conference {3672,
	title = {Potential anthelmintic properties of urea},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {77},
	year = {2017},
	month = {06/2017},
	pages = {110-113},
	address = {Rotorua},
	abstract = {Current gastrointestinal parasite treatment options rely heavily on chemical anthelmintic intervention which targets the nematode residing in the host.  However, targeting these organisms during parts of their lifecycle outside the host may also provide a tool for aiding control. In particular, nitrogenous fertilisers produce several potentially toxic compounds, the strategic use of which may affect nematode development.  This series of experiments investigated the potential of liquid urea to affect gastrointestinal nematode development.  Hatching of <i>Trichostrongylus colubriformis</i> eggs when immersed in liquid urea reduced with increasing urea concentration from 90\% at 0\% urea to less than 6\% in 20\% urea solution. This effect was independent of pH and appeared to be nematocidal rather than nematostatic as unhatched eggs failed to hatch following washing and immersion in water.  Further, topical application of liquid urea to faeces at a rate equivalent to 200 litres per ha (40 units N) on fresh faeces resulted in a 97\% reduction in the number of larvae recovered following culturing compared with equivalent rates of water (P<0.01).  Although further studies and refinement are required, these studies indicated targeted application of liquid urea may be a useful tool to assist with parasite control.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Cairns J and McAnulty RW and Greer AW}
}
@conference {3678,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Performance of lambs exposed to a desensitising regime prior to infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2014},
	month = {06/2014},
	pages = {73-75},
	address = {Napier},
	abstract = {Enhancing the immune response of lambs against the gastrointestinal nematode Trichostrongylus colubriformis through vaccination has been previously investigated (Windon et al. 1984; Douch 1989; McClure 2009). However, the majority of production loss from this parasite species in sheep has been attributed to components of the immune response (Greer et al. 2005). As such, manipulation of the host immune response through desensitisation may provide a novel method of reducing production loss associated with infection. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the ability of a desensitising regime with parasite antigens to reduce the production cost associated with Trichostrongylus colubriformis infection in lambs...},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Greer AW and Huntley JF and Hogan A and Logan CM and McAnulty RW and McNeilly TN}
}
@conference {75927,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Liveweight gain of grazing dairy calves in their first season subjected to a targeted selective anthelmintic treatment (TST) regime},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {71},
	year = {2011},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {301-303},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Invercargill},
	abstract = {For some time now it has been recognised that suppressive anthelmintic regimes select strongly for resistance (Jackson \& Miller, 2006). However, despite widespread anthelmintic resistance on beef properties in New Zealand (Waghorn et al., 2006), little attention has been paid to the sustainability of anthelmintic practices in... Continued},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McAnulty RW and Gibbs SJ and Greer AW}
}
@conference {69507,
	title = {Suitability of the Happy Factor decision support model as part of targeted selective anthelmintic treatment in Coopworth sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {70},
	year = {2010},
	month = {Jun},
	pages = {213-216},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {The suitability of the Happy Factor decision support model as the determinant of a targeted selective treatment regime incorporated into an automated weighing and drafting facility was evaluated in a Canterbury environment. One hundred and twenty, six-month-old Coopworth lambs naturally infected  with gastrointestinal parasites were weighed and faecal sampled every two weeks for eight weeks. Individual performance targets during each two week period were calculated using the Happy Factor decision support model. Lambs that did not reach their performance target were automatically drafted out and subsequently treated with anthelmintic. Those deemed to benefit from treatment had significantly greater faecal egg count (FEC) than their untreated counterparts at Week 4 only, were lighter on Weeks 2 and 8, but had lower liveweight gains on all four occasions. Overall, the system provided a rapid and reliable method of identifying and separating poorer performing individuals, which were not necessarily those with a high FEC or those that were lighter. Furthermore, the optimum treatment threshold was determined to be 0.74, which is greater than previously published values of 0.66 for Scottish Blackface sheep. This suggests that validation of an optimum Happy Factor treatment threshold for each environment and/or animal genotype may be required.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Greer AW and McAnulty RW and Logan CM and Hoskin SO}
}
@conference {41640,
	title = {Further studies on the role of suckling in the parasite status of very young lambs infected with Teladorsagia circumcincta},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {187-192},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Napier},
	abstract = {This study investigated the role of suckling on the resistance and resilience of lambs during the period - six to 20 weeks after lambing. Eighty, 42-day old twin-born lambs were allocated to four treatment groups in which lambs continued to suckle (S-) or were weaned (W-), while concurrently infected with either 0 (-N) or 1000 (-I) L3 Teladorsagia circumcincta larvae d-1. Faecal egg counts peaked at 680, 1600, 260, and 225 eggs g-1 of fresh faeces in SI, WI, SN and WN lambs, respectively. Live weight gain was reduced from day 98 of age as a consequence of weaning (p<0.001) and infection (p=0.008). Serial slaughter on days 84, 112, and 140 indicated that suckling reduced the number of adult worms in SI compared with WI lambs though significantly so only on day 112 (p<0.05). In vitro larval establishment decreased (p<0.001) with slaughter age but was not influenced by suckling or infection (p>0.05). These results suggest that suckling may inhibit nematode development at a later stage than the immediate entry of incoming L3 larvae. In addition, suckling does not appear to confer greater resilience during T. circumcincta infection in young lambs. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Iposu SO and Greer AW and McAnulty RW and Stankiewicz M and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {41871,
	title = {Plasma protein loss in lambs during a mixed infection of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Teladorsagia circumcincta - a consequence of the immune response?},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2006},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {83-87},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Napier},
	abstract = {Modelling is being used to compare and contrast farm management strategies. A Whole Farm Model (WFM) has been developed that links models for cow metabolism ({\textquoteleft}Molly{\textquoteright}) and pasture growth driven by climate, with management policies. It has been evaluated against trial data and the challenge is to now use it for prediction. This requires that cows be initializedso that their production is determined by their environment and genotype. Livestock Improvement Corporation has developed a system of quantifying genotype through production values (or PV{\textquoteright}s). The aim of this study was to assess the ability of the WFM to predict Strain Trial cow production using PVmilk. The relationship between PVmilk and milk yield and composition was determined by allowing a parameter within {\textquoteleft}Molly{\textquoteright} to adjust so that predicted matched actual production for 3 Strain herds and one Jersey herd. WFM was then initialized using observed PVmilk to set genotype of each cow in 8 other Strain herds and farmlets were simulated for 2003/04 season. Predictions were considered useful if the prediction errors for milk yield and milksolids (629 L and 61 kg MS respectively) were lower than the observed standarddeviations (825 L and 66 kg MS respectively) i.e. meaning model predictions of observed values were more accurate than simply using the mean as an estimate of observed values. The consistent under-prediction of milk yield and milksolids require further adjustments to the initialization of the model. PVmilk has the potential to set genotype in {\textquoteleft}Molly{\textquoteright}, within the WFM.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Vaughan AL and Greer AW and McAnulty RW and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {41528,
	title = {Corticosteroid treatment prevents the reduction in food intake and growth in lambs infected with the abomasal parasite Teladorsagia circumcincta},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {9-12},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {Recent studies with Trichostrongylus colubriformis have provided some direct evidence to support the view that the major contributor to reduced production in gastrointestinal nematode infections is the host immune response, rather than damage from the parasite per se. However, it is unknown if this is also true for abomasal infections. Parasite na{\"\i}ve lambs were either trickle infected with Teladorsagia circumcincta L3 larvae; similarly infected and concurrently immuno-suppressed with the corticosteroid methylprednisolone acetate; immuno-suppressed only; or remained as controls. Immuno-suppression abrogated the reduction in intake and subsequent production losses and reduction in feed conversion efficiency associated with infection suggesting the damage caused by this abomasal parasite per se may have little detrimental effect on lamb productivity. These findings add weight to the view that components of the developing immune response are generally the cause of reduced productivity in infected lambs. They may have ramifications for the genetic selection of animals that are predisposed to mount a strong immune response.
KEYWORDS: immuno-suppression; nematodes; intake; feed conversion efficiency; sheep. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Greer AW and McAnulty RW and Stankiewicz M and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {41564,
	title = {The role of suckling on the parasite status of very young lambs infected with Teladorsagia circumcincta},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {182-185},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {This study investigated the importance of suckling for the resistance and/or resilience of very young lambs to Teladorsagia circumcincta nematode infection. Thirty, 6-week old twin-born lambs were allocated to four treatment groups in a 2 x 2 factorial design in which groups continued to suckle (S-) or were weaned (W-), and concurrently not infected (-N) or infected (-I) with 1000 L3 larvae of T. circumcincta per day while grazing {\textquoteleft}clean{\textquoteright} pasture for six weeks, and then slaughtered. There was a significant infection by time interaction on faecal egg counts (FEC; P < 0.001). Suckling/weaning had no effect on FEC. Worm burdens were similar in suckled-infected (SI) and weaned-infected (WI) lambs (8029 + 1502 vs 12228 + 1704 worms, SEM; P > 0.05), respectively. Eggs per utero were significantly greater (29 + 6 vs 15 + 1 eggs, SEM; P < 0.05) in SI than WI lambs, while length of female worms was similar in both groups (10.2 + 0.2 vs 9.7+0.3mm, SEM; P > 0.05), respectively. The two suckled groups progressively gained more weight (P<0.001), while uninfected lambs of both groups were heavier (P < 0.05) from day 28 onwards. Weight gain averaged 122, 282, 98, and 240g day-1 for the WN, SN, WI, and SI lambs, respectively. The study has not shown any advantage of suckling while grazing for lambs{\textquoteright} resistance or resilience to larval intake within the 12-week post lambing period.
KEYWORDS: Teladorsagia circumcincta; suckled lambs; resistance; resilience. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Iposu SO and Greer AW and McAnulty RW and Stankiewicz M and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {40786,
	title = {The effect of albendazole controlled release capsules and moxidectin injection treatment on faecal egg count and body weight of 18 month old ewes in the autumn},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {87-90},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Sixty 18 month old Romney ewes were drenched orally with  ivermectin at twice the recommended dose rate (400},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kempthorne R and Familton AS and McAnulty RW}
}
@conference {40715,
	title = {The effect of anthelmintic treatment of ewes during pregnancy},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {211-213},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Familton AS and McAnulty RW and Thompson KF and Sedcole JR}
}
@conference {40344,
	title = {Brief Communication - Susceptibility of the breeding ewe to parasitism},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {375-378},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated for some  components of cashmere production using data obtained from goats born in  1987 and 1988 from flocks participating in a sire reference scheme. A  total of 33 sires and 841 progeny were included in the analysis.  Heritability estimates of weaning and yearling liveweights from  univariate restricted maximum likelihood (REML) analyses were 0.14},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McAnulty RW and Familton AS and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {40290,
	title = {Effects of daily larval challenge on the performance of breeding ewes from late pregnancy to post weaning - Brief Communication},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {95-96},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {A CIDR was inserted into 72 ewes which were either early in the  cycle (E; days 1-3), at mid cycle (M; days 7-9) or late in the cycle (L;  days 13-15). Half of the ewes received either 0 or 300 IU of pregnant  mares{\textquoteright} serum gonadotrophin (PMSF) at the start of superovulation  treatment. M ewes had two thirds as many ovarian surface follicles >1.5  mm diameter compared to E and L ewes (8.8 vs 13.6 vs 13.0; P<0.001). M  ewes had approximately two thirds as many ovulations present 8 days  later compared to E and L ewes (5.1 vs 7.7 vs 7.7; P<0.05). For ewes  receiving 300 IU of PMSG as well as FSH, there was a significant  regression of follicle number on ovulation rate (b=0.73},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McAnulty RW and Familton AS and Sykes AR}
}
@conference {39806,
	title = {The effect of clean pasture and anthelmintic frequency on growth rates of lambs on irrigated pasture - Brief Communication},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {42},
	year = {1982},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {187-188},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {No abstract supplied},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McAnulty RW and Clark VR and Sykes AR}
}
