@conference {3672,
	title = {The effects of feeding maize silage at different times prior to a herbage meal on dry matter intake, milksolids production and nitrogen excretion in late-lactation dairy cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {75},
	year = {2015},
	month = {07/2015},
	pages = {140-144},
	address = {Dunedin},
	abstract = { The objective of this study was to determine the effect of feeding maize silage at different times before the herbage meal on dry
matter (DM) intake, milksolids (MS) production and nitrogen (N) excretion of late lactation dairy cows. In an indoor study, nine
Friesian {\texttimes} Jersey dairy cows were assigned to three treatments: (1) herbage only (control); (2) supplemented with 3 kg DM of
maize silage after morning milking approximately nine hours before the herbage meal (9BH); and (3) supplemented with 3 kg DM
of maize silage after afternoon milking approximately one hour before the herbage meal (1BH). Cows were offered ad libitum cut
herbage (perennial ryegrass-white clover) for five hours from 1530 to 2030 h. Herbage DM intake was greater (P=0.03) for control
than 1BH cows, but did not differ between control and 9BH or between 1BH and 9BH cows (13.71, 11.96 and 12.74 kg DM/cow/
day for control, 1BH and 9BH, respectively). The substitution of herbage by maize silage was greater (P=0.05) for 1BH than 9BH
cows (0.56 vs 0.31 kg DM herbage per kg DM maize silage, respectively). Milksolids production did not differ between treatments
(overall mean 1.33 kg MS/cow/day). Nitrogen concentration in faeces and estimated urinary-N excretion (g/day) were lower in
supplemented than control cows. Under herbage restriction, it is important to consider time of maize silage supplementation
relative to the herbage meal for managing substitution rate and urinary-N excretion.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Al-marashdeh O and Greenwood SL and Hodge S and Edwards GR}
}
@conference {3678,
	title = {BRIEF COMMUNICATION: Analysis of the on-farm cost of ovine pleurisy},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {74},
	year = {2014},
	month = {06/2014},
	pages = {62-64},
	address = {Napier},
	abstract = {Pleurisy is the result of an inflammation of the pleura producing fibrous adhesions between the lung and chest wall. In New Zealand (NZ) sheep, it has a substantial impact in terms of lost revenue, animal health and welfare, and in 2006 its cost was estimated at NZ$25.1 million (95\% CI=NZ$10.2{\textendash}48.1; Goodwin-Ray et al. 2008). Little is known about how to diagnose the disease prior to slaughter, although a NZ sheep industry report (Goodwin-Ray 2006) describes a {\textquotedblleft}pneumonia-pleurisy complex{\textquotedblright}, based on the findings of McGowan et al. (1978), Davies (1985) and Pfeffer (1986). Goodwin-Ray (2006) concludes that this complex has a poorly defined aetiology, likely reflecting the observation by McGowan et al. (1978) that some, but not all lambs with enzootic pneumonia, went on to develop pleurisy. In effect there is no evidence of an absolute link between pneumonia and pleurisy},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hickford JGH and Hodge S and Bates JR and Hogan AK}
}
@conference {89253,
	title = {Can milk urea nitrogen differentiate nitrogen use efficiency of lactating cow groups raised on New Zealand pasture},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {73},
	year = {2013},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {199-201},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Hamilton},
	abstract = {<p class="rtejustify">Improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) (g of milk nitrogen output/g of nitrogen intake) of dairy cows helps to maximise profitability and minimise nitrogen losses on farm. However, the traditional nitrogen balance technique used indoors to measure dry matter intake (DMI) and NUE is labour intensive, costly and unsuited to pasture-based grazing systems. In The Netherlands, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) has been used as a non-invasive and easy-to-conduct test to differentiate NUE of dairy cow groups (Kuipers et al. 1999). Generally, higher values of MUN are associated with a lower NUE. However, the usefulness of MUN in New Zealand pasture-based grazing systems is uncertain for numerous reasons. Firstly, MUN excretion reaches a maximum when dietary crude protein (CP) exceeds 20\% of feed dry matter (DM), reducing the sensitivity of MUN to differentiate NUE in high dietary CP systems (Reynolds \&amp; Kristensen 2008). Secondly, water intake has been identified as one of the factors influencing the concentration of MUN, but it is not normally quantified in grazing systems (De Campeneere et al. 2006). Lastly, when individual cow samples are used, MUN may be subject to diurnal variation (Cheng et al. 2010).</p>
},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Aizimu W and Hodge S and Edwards GR and Dewhurst RJ and Cheng L}
}
