@conference {41120,
	title = {The Relevance of Applied Bio-Physical Research: A Case Study into Beef Breeding Cow Twinning Technology},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {201-204},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Science funders need to know that their investment in technology will be relevant and useful.  Pre-trial social research and the involvement of potential users in project management, enables scientists to ensure that these conditions are addressed.  This paper examines the development of twinning technology for beef breeding cows as an example.  Preliminary social research in 1995 showed that users wanted information about the technology and its interactions with sheep production and lamb finishing.  They also wanted to know the labour requirements, and new skills needed for producing successful results.  A systems trial examining these issues commenced at Whatawhata Research Centre later that year. A mentor group was initiated at the start of the trial with farmers, scientists, funders, and a vet included.  This group was involved in trial management over the three-year period of the trial.  The trial has shown that it may be profitable for farmers to produce
twin calves and grow them out to 18 months of age or older, providing that they can manage calving.  Twinning cows were shown to be complimentary to sheep breeding and lamb finishing. The role of the mentor group was evaluated in a survey of group members in 1997.  The group was shown to be of high value to the individuals involved, and to the livestock industry, through providing greater opportunities for farmers and scientists to learn from each other.  However, there was some concern that the mentor group process could increase the costs of carrying out research.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Parminter T and Smeaton D}
}
