@conference {41114,
	title = {Amino acid supply to the small intestine of dairy cows fed pasture},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {180-183},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Two experiments measured the quantity and quality of amino acids available for absorption by four dairy cows fed pasture. Experiment 1 compared a diet of ryegrass/white clover pasture offered ad libitum or at 75\% of ad libitum intake during October. Experiment 2, conducted in December, compared an all-ryegrass diet with a diet comprising 100\% ryegrass, or 50\% ryegrass and 50\% white clover. Treatments were assigned according to a 2x2 crossover design. Restricted feeding (Experiment 1) significantly reduced the total supply of amino acids to the small intestine by 23\% (246 vs. 190g amino acid nitrogen/d). Compared to an all-ryegrass diet, a ryegrass diet which contained 50\% white clover (Experiment 2) significantly increased the total supply of amino acids by 10\% (284 vs. 259g amino acid nitrogen/d). For all four pasture diets, arginine, methionine, and histidine were identified, in that order, as being most limiting, supplying 67, 71, and 77\%, respectively, of the absorbable amino acid requirement. The supply of absorbable lysine from all four pasture diets was found to meet requirements of dairy cows in early to mid lactation. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Kolver ES and Carruthers VR and Neil PG and de Veth MJ and Jansen EBL and Phipps DE}
}
@conference {40554,
	title = {The effect on oesophageal groove closure of water and mineral solutions drenched to cows},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {23-26},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The fate of mineral solutions when drenched was assessed in cows  
slaughtered after drenching using a dye visible in gut contents.  Seven 
groups of 10 cows were drenched with water or solutions of magnesium oxide,  
magnesium chloride, magnesium sulphate, sodium chloride, sodium  
bicarbonate or zinc oxide in Trial 1.  Frequency of closure was higher (P<0.05)  
for sodium bicarbonate (60\%) than for magnesium oxide or magnesium  
chloride (10 to 20\%).  Five cows drenched with water alone showed bypass of  
the rumen.  In Trial 2 four groups of 6 or 7 cows were drenched with water or  
solutions containing selenium.  Hydromin or copper sulphate.  Frequency of  
closure was higher (P<0.05) for copper sulphate (70\%) than for water or  
selenium (0\%).  The results suggest that bypass of the rumen in response to  
drenching may contribute to apparent failures of bloat drenches, particularly  
when certain minerals are added to the drench. 
 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Carruthers VR and Phipps DE and Bakker RJ}
}
