@conference {40655,
	title = {Effects of induced parturition on mammary function},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {21-22},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Four 6.4 ha farmlets each stocked with 24 high genetic merit  Friesian cows were used to determine the effect of nitrogen fertiliser  (N), and a long summer grazing rotation on pasture and milk production  in summer. Treatments were 0 )-N) or 50 kg N/ha (+N) in December,  January and March and a 16 day (16) or 40 day (40) rotation. Treatments  started 15 December, following a two week uniformity period, and ran  until 29 April.    On the 16 and 40 day rotations N increased net herbage accumulation by  0.8 t DM/ha, and milksolids (MS) production by 92 and 38 kg/ha  respectively. Across both nitrogen treatments, the 40 day rotation  increased net herbage accumulation by 1.7 t DM/ha. The MS production  was 39kg/ha greater on the -N40 than the -N16 treatment whereas that of  the +N16 and +N40 did not differ significantly.    The N and long rotation treatments also resulted in higher average  herbage mass and cow condition at the end of the experimental period.  It is concluded that N in early summer and a long summer rotation are  useful management practices to reduce the effects of summer dry periods.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McFadden TB and Verkerk GA and Clark BA and Hovey RC and Macmillan KL}
}
@conference {40656,
	title = {Mitogenic activity of lamb mammary fat pad in vitro is distinct from that of mouse mammary fat pad},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {23-25},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Apple pomace, a by-product of the apple juicing industry, was  assessed as a supplementary feed for lactating dairy cows during autumn.  Cows were offered a base diet of 6 kg DM/cow/day from grazed pasture and  one of three supplement treatments; control (7 kg DM/cow/day grass  silage); apple pomace (AP) (3 kg DM/cow/day grass silage plus 4 kg  DM/cow/day fresh AP); and AP+"balancer" (3 kg DM/cow/day grass silage  plus 3 kg DM/cow/day fresh AP plus 1 kg DM of by-pass protein meal  supplement ("balancer"). Treatment groups each comprised 10 mixed age  Friesian-Jersey crossbred cows which were fed the supplement(s) in their  respective groups in two equal portions following morning and evening  milkings. Groups were grazed independently on similar pastures between  these times.    Herd test milk yields over the 28 day supplementary feeding period were  greater for the AP and AP+"balancer" groups (14.1 \& 14.7 litres/cow/day,  respectively) than for the control group (12.1 litres/cow/day; P<0.001).  Milk protein yields were lower for the control than the two AP groups  (0.43 vs 0.54 \& 0.57 kg/cow/day for control, AP and AP+"balancer",  respectively; P<0.01). Yields of milkfat (0.58 vs 0.70 vs 0.77  kg/cow/day) and milksolids (1.01 vs 1.24 vs 1.34 kg/cow/day) differed  between all three treatment groups (P<0.05). Cow condition and  bodyweights were similar between the three treatment groups at both the  start and end of the trial. Apple pomace was therefore shown to be a  useful supplement for dairy cows in late lactation.   },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hovey RC and McFadden TB and MacKenzie DDS}
}
@conference {40581,
	title = {Mouse mammary fat pad interacts with mitogens to stimulate epithelial growth in vitro},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {54},
	year = {1994},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {125-130},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Issues of sustainability in animal production in developed countries  involve a trend away from intensive production systems and destruction of the  environment, towards improved animal welfare and increased product quality,  with an emphasis on reduced use of chemicals in production systems. The  negative environmental impact and the loss of biodiversity, due to livestock  production systems, are major issues in both developed and developing  countries. In developing countries, desertification and deforestation, the  sustainable management of wildlife systems and the need to reduce competition  between humans and animals for scarce resources, are all major issues of  sustainability. While the developed world is looking towards "de-intensifying"  its animal agriculture, the developing regions of the world have a perceived  need to intensify animal production systems in order to support increasing  populations, urban growth and an increased demand for animal products.   The implications for scientific research include: aiming to optimise rather than  maximise production; greater emphasis on the ecological aspects of sustainable  systems, maintenance of biodiversity and natural resources; and minimising  external inputs and satisfying the food, income and social needs of rural  communities. Scientific communities must increasingly seek international  collaboration in a global approach to the challenge of sustainable animal  production.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Hovey RC and McFadden TB and MacKenzie DDS}
}
