@conference {41133,
	title = {Toxicity effects of 1080 on pregnant ewes},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {250-253},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {There are no data on the potential for 1080 used for pest control to cause delayed deaths or impaired productivity in livestock following multiple, sub-lethal doses. Recent losses of late-gestation ewes exposed to weathered 1080 baits has also led to speculation that pregnant ewes may be unusually sensitive to the toxin. To address these data gaps, groups of 20 Perendale ewes, non-pregnant or pregnant with twins, were administered either a single (0.25 mg/kg) or multiple oral doses (0.05 mg/kg over 3 consecutive days) of a 1080 cereal pellet. The highest mortality occurred in the single dose groups (pregnant 45\%, non-pregnant 21\%) compared to the multiple dose groups (pregnant 35\%, non-pregnant 0\%). There was no mortality in the control group of pregnant ewes. Log-linear modelling showed highly significant treatment effects (P = 0.0003) and differences (P = 0.045) in acute mortality rates between pregnant (40\%) and non-pregnant ewes (10\%), which was linked to increased bioavailablity. There were no differences in the incidence of metabolic diseases, lambing percentages, lamb survival, or growth rates between dosed and undosed pregnant ewes. This study demonstrated that extra care should be taken to avoid exposure of pregnant ewes to even small bait fragments, but also provides further evidence that there are no long-term health effects in animals that survive accidental 1080 poisoning. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Connor CE and Milne LM and Arthur DG and Ruscoe WA and Wickstrom M}
}
@conference {40791,
	title = {Ewe maternal behaviour score and lamb growth: Ten years on},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {107-109},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Maternal Behaviour Score (MBS) has previously been positively  associated with lamb weaning weight. This study further investigated the  effects of MBS and other ewe behaviours on the growth rate of 111 Scottish  Blackface lambs to weaning. Four variables which had a significant effect  on growth rate in a stepwise regression analysis were: birthweight (p<0.05),  pre-lambing and early post-lambing ewe liveweights (p<0.001) and MBS  (p<0.05). The relationship between MBS and lamb growth rate was not  linear. An increase in MBS from 2 to 3 was associated with the greatest  increase (10\%) in growth rate. MBS was correlated to the frequency of ewe  calling (p<0.01) and ewe head up, alert posture (p<0.01) observed during  undisturbed field interactions. These behaviours are used to maintain contact  between the ewe and lamb, and are indicators of ewe awareness. Therefore,  MBS is a good indicator not only of lamb growth but also of the strength of  the pre-weaning ewe-lamb relationship.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Connor CE}
}
@conference {39966,
	title = {Ewe maternal behaviour score and lamb survival},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1985},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {159-162},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Data on live weight (LW) and condition score (CS) were collected in a large scale breed evaluation at Goudies (Department of Lands and Survey, Rotorua). The LW data were obtained 4 times a year; the CS data on a 1 to 10 scale similar to the Ellinbank scale (10 fattest), were obtained on 7 occasions from April 1982 to February 1984. Seven breed groups, 5 2-breed crosses and 2 straightbreds (Angus and Herefords), were compared. The crosses were Hereford-Angus (HA, including its reciprocal), South Devon-Angus (Sd.A), Friesian-Angus (FA), Friesian- Hereford (FH) and Jersey-Angus (JA). Breed differences for LW and CS were reasonably consistent between years or seasons, in spite of large year effects and significant breed x age interactions. The CS means for JA, FA and FH were 0.9, 0.5 and 0.6 units less than for Angus cows, which in turn were 0.3 and 0.7 units lower than HA and Herefords respectively. The scores of Sd.A cows were near the average of the 7 groups together, but they were heaviest, being 22 kg above the herd mean.  It is suggested on the basis of this evidence that using the same target for LW or CS for different breed crosses is unrealistic. Within breed and age groups, the correlation between August and November CS was 0.43. The equivalent figure for LW was 0.84. For each unit increase in CS, LW rose by 25.2 kg (r=0.53, range 0.42 to 0.60 on different recording occasions.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {O{\textquoteright}Connor CE and Jay NP and Nicol AM and Beatson PR}
}
