@conference {41285,
	title = {Potential benefits from new reproductive technologies in commercial dairy herds; a case study simulation},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {61},
	year = {2001},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {199-202},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {New reproductive technologies may provide the possibility to derive the egg component of embryos for dairy cow replacements from only an elite proportion of the dairy herd, or from heifers or calves, thereby creating opportunities for greater genetic gain. Using modelling, four possible selection strategies in two case study herds were compared over 10 years at annual replacement rates of 15, 20 and 25\%. In the different strategies, replacement calves were bred from: (1) AB bull + all herd cows, {\textquoteleft}status quo{\textquoteleft} vs (2) AB bull + only the top 25\% of herd cows vs (3) AB bull + the top 100\% of maiden heifers vs (4) AB bull + the top 100\% of heifer calves. Assumptions used included (1) an average bull breeding worth (BW) of $135, gaining by $5 per year. (2) A {\textquoteleft}high BW herd{\textquoteleft} average BW of $62 (almost in the top 10\% of all New Zealand herds). (3) A {\textquoteleft}low BW herd{\textquoteleft} average BW of $32 (nearly in the bottom 10\%). The model predicted that rate of herd genetic gain increased with replacement rate. The low BW herd gained more than the high BW herd using any of the strategies because it started from a lower base. The BW of the 2 herds converged over 10 years and this effect increased with selection pressure. After 10 years, BWs of 150 and 149 were predicted for the high and low BW herds respectively by using eggs from calves as in Strategy 4 above. This compared with Strategy 1 where herd BWs at year 10 were 130 and 120 respectively. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Smeaton DC and Vivanco HW}
}
@conference {41127,
	title = {A methodology for dealing with uncertain outcomes when applying embryo technologies},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {226-228},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {High variability in number of embryos collected per donor has implications when programming recipients for {\textquoteleft}fresh{\textquoteleft} embryo transfer because decisions on the number of recipients required need to be made prior to collecting embryos. This paper describes a methodology for dealing with these uncertainties. The distribution of number of transferable quality embryos per donor was determined and conformed to a Poisson distribution. The distribution of the proportion of recipients that are suitable for transfer was assumed to be binomial. The model determined recipient numbers under 4 contrasting risk scenarios, and compared these with a simple arithmetic approach. The simple arithmetic approach is likely to expose programmes to high levels of risk. The proposed methodology enables practitioners to programme the number of recipients that is consistent with any level of risk they are prepared to take in having surplus embryos or recipients. The model could be extended to provide economic or utility maximisation endpoints. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {McMillan WH and Vivanco HW}
}
@conference {40297,
	title = {Out-of-season embryo transfer in five breeds of imported sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {51},
	year = {1991},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {129-132},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Three groups of 2th Romney wethers were given 0, 12g ZnO  fortnight-1 and 12gZnO week-1 respectively for 18 months. Plasma trace  element levels were monitored regularly over this period. At the end of  the trial the animals were slaughtered and various organis, muscle, skin  and wool were removed and analysed for a wide range of elements and for  metallothionein.   Zinc treatment resulted in significantly elevated Zn in plasma, red  blood cells, liver, kidney, intestine and pancreas. Copper  concentrations in liver (272 },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Greaney KB and McDonald MF and Vivanco HW and Tervit HR}
}
