@conference {41389,
	title = {Reproductive state differences in analgesic related systems and their influence on learning behaviours},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {62},
	year = {2002},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {368-371},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Palmerston North},
	abstract = {Kappa-opioids exert a more powerful analgesic effect in females than in male animals. In females, this is further enhanced close to and immediately post parturition. Learning behaviour is also altered in the female around this period. Recently it was demonstrated that changes in a brain receptor subunit (part of the glutamate NMDA receptor present in all mammalian brains), termed NR2B, accompanied these periods of apparent learning enhancement. In this paper, evidence is presented for a dependence of this increase in NR2B and learning ability on Kappa-opioid systems. Pharmacological antagonism of the Kappa-opioid system during the peri-parturient period prevents both an increase in NR2B and in learning behaviour. Application of Kappa-opioids at other periods increased NR2B numbers and learning behaviour in female animals and in male castrates co-treated with oestrogen. Intact males were unaffected. The data suggests a new concept linking pain perception and processing systems to reproductive state behaviours and learning abilities. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Cook CJ}
}
@conference {40790,
	title = {Heart rate response as a measure of stress and welfare in cattle},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {56},
	year = {1996},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {103-106},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Problems exist in welfare quantification of stressors due to variation in  animal responses. A theory, based on adaptation to repeated exposure of a  stressor, is proposed for objective assessment of welfare. Cattle of three ages were exposed repeatedly to transport, or aspects of  transport. Cattle aged 6 weeks showed a declining tachycardic response to  repeated transport (p<0.05). Cattle aged 3-6 months showed no consistent  pattern of heart rate response to transport, although bradycardia was  observed in some animals. Bradycardia was also observed in 2 year old  bulls, the incidence of which declined with repeat exposure to trailer  loading. Heart rate decreased over transport in bulls unfamiliar with trailer  loading (p<0.05), while no change in heart rate was seen in bulls familiar  with a trailer.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Jacobson LH and Cook CJ}
}
@conference {40487,
	title = {Humane slaughter: an achievable goal?},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {53},
	year = {1993},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {197-200},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Multiple anthelmintic resistance ivermectin (IVM), morantel (MOR), oxfendazole (OXF) was first demonstrated in 1988 from a goat property in New Zealand. Total spelling of all anthelmintics on the site has not been a management option. Since detection, a strict drench rotation has been adopted - levamisole (LEV) 1988-89, IVM 1990 and combination product 1991-92. IVM has been used very strategically as animal health demanded, 2 occasions in 1988, 6 in 1990 and twice in each of 1991 and 1992. In 1992 surveillance monitoring of anthelmintic status using lambs indicated that LEV remained highly effective (99.3\%) against the resistant Ostertagia spp. but there was a subtle shift downward for IVM (87.5\%). The alternate milbemycin, moxidectin (MOX), removed 99.9\% of the Ostertagia spp. population. Stability of resistance is an important issue to address when designing and evaluating management options to delay or restrict resistance and minimise the impact on farming profitability. These results suggest that anthelmintic rotation and strategic use of IVM have not had a significant effect on the field isolate over the past 5 years. Currently in the field, there appears to be a significant difference in efficacy between IVM and MOX despite their close structural similarities. It is proposed that MOX will not be used on the site but efficacies will be monitored at regular intervals.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Cook CJ and Devine CE and Maasland SA and Gilbert KV}
}
