@conference {41832,
	title = {Further testing of the effect of a calpain-1 variant on meat tenderness in cattle},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {65},
	year = {2005},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {266-270},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Christchurch},
	abstract = {We have previously reported that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the large subunit of micro-calpain (the calcium-activated neutral protease-1 gene) is associated with differences in tenderness, as measured in cooked steaks from the longissimus dorsi of animals from the AgResearch Jersey-Limousin Beef DNA-marker trial. The effect was significant at the intermediate stages of the tenderising process and had little effect on initial or ultimate tenderness, so that tenderising was accelerated in animals having one or two copies of the favourable variant. We have now analysed tenderness and genotype data from 310 additional animals, comprising Hereford-cross and pure Angus breeds slaughtered under varying conditions of electrical stimulation and aged at a range of temperatures. Results in all cases support the original finding: animals with two copies of the {\textquoteleft}C{\textquoteleft} allele (the SNP on Exon-9 encoding alanine at amino acid number 316) have more tender meat (decreased shear force) at the intermediate stages than animals with two copies of the {\textquoteleft}G{\textquoteleft} allele (encoding glycine). Combining measurements from three intermediate cook times, mean shear forces from {\textquoteleft}CG{\textquoteleft} were less than from {\textquoteleft}GG{\textquoteleft} genotypes by 0.80 {\textpm} 0.29 kg (P < 0.01), and mean shear forces from {\textquoteleft}CC{\textquoteleft} were less than from {\textquoteleft}CG{\textquoteleft} genotypes by 1.19 {\textpm} 0.36 kg (P < 0.001). These results show that a genotype substitution from {\textquoteleft}GG{\textquoteleft} to {\textquoteleft}CC{\textquoteleft} is associated with a difference in shear force in longissimus dorsi steaks of approximately 20\% at intermediate aging times.
KEYWORDS: cattle; meat; tenderness; micro-calpain; SNP. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Cullen NG and Morris CA and Veenvliet BA and Hickey SM and Dobbie PM and Wilson T}
}
@conference {41433,
	title = {Lack of genetic association of markers near the leptin gene with carcass fat content in Coopworth sheep lines selected for and against fatness},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {63},
	year = {2003},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {176-178},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	address = {Queenstown},
	abstract = {Leptin is an important hormone in controlling food intake and energy expenditure in mammalian species. The present study evaluated levels of serum leptin in Coopworth sheep selected for and against subcutaneous fat depth for 10 generations. Significant differences in serum leptin concentrations were found between fat and lean sheep (P<0.05) and between male and female sheep (P<0.01). Serum leptin concentration was positively correlated with carcass fatness and there was a clear relationship between mean progeny serum leptin concentrations and the breeding value for fat. Serum leptin concentrations were greater (P<0.05) in lambs selected from the fat line (2.69ng/ml) than in lambs selected from the lean line (2.18ng/ml). A microsatellite marker, OarCP26, already mapped on sheep chromosome 4 (OAR4) was located in a sheep yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clone that was positive for the leptin gene (LEP). This confirmed the independent assignment of LEP, mapped using a sheep cell hybrid panel, to OAR4. No significant differences in the allele frequencies of OarCP26 and two other flanking markers (TGLA116 and OarHH335) were detected in the lean and fat selection lines suggesting genes other than leptin are causing the differences in fat between the lean and fat Coopworth lines. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Campbell AW and Broad TE and Jopson NB and Burkin HR and Dodds KG and Veenvliet BA and Bain WE}
}
@conference {41141,
	title = {Mouse 3T3-L1 Fibroblast Cells as a Bioassay For Serum-Borne Adipogenic Factors},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {59},
	year = {1999},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {279-281},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {This study of the development of adipose tissue in sheep set out to investigate whether culture medium containing serum from Coopworth lean and fat selection lines had differential effects on proliferation and differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Using fetal calf serum (FCS) as a positive control, the effects of serum from lean and fat lines of sheep and from goat and horse were compared by analysing total cell numbers, and protein and triglyceride (TG) levels per unit DNA in the mouse cell cultures. Differentiation was induced in all serum treatments. Mean cell numbers in cultures up to 13 days after differentiation were higher for sheep serum than for the other species (P<0.001). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in protein content between FCS and serum from lean and fat sheep lines. Mean TG levels were significantly higher (P<0.001) for FCS than for the lean and fat selection lines, which did not differ significantly from each other (P>0.05). Significant differences in either proliferation or differentiation were not detected between the fat and lean sheep. },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Veenvliet BA and Littlejohn RP and Suttie JM and Broad TE}
}
@conference {40696,
	title = {Cortisol response to ACTH in lambs selected for or against fatness: Effects of maturity and fasting},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {150-153},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Lambs grazing the tannin containing pasture species Lotus  corniculatus (cv Goldie) were compared with lambs grazing a high  endophyte ryegrass (cv Nui) in order to assess the effectiveness of lotus at  reducing dags and flystrike. Two trials of the same design were run  consecutively, between January and April 1994. Each of 4 paddocks, 2 of  lotus and 2 of ryegrass, were set stocked for 32 and 42 days (respectively for  trials 1 and 2) with 62 lambs. Half of the lambs in each paddock were  drenched fortnightly with a combination anthelmintic. Lambs were  examined for flystrike three times each week and samples were collected for  fly identification before strikes were treated with insecticide.   Lambs which grazed lotus suffered less flystrike than those grazed on  ryegrass in both trials (32\% of 51\%; P<0.01 and 1.5\% cf 7.4\%; P<0.05 for  trials 1 and 2 respectively). Drenching reduced flystrike in trial 1 (from 57\%  to 26\%; P<0.01), but not in trial 2 (4.8\% cf 4.1\%; NS). Flystrike was  strongly correlated with dagginess (R2=97\%). Mean dry weight of dags was  reduced by grazing lotus rather than ryegrass (79g cf 108g; P<0.01 in trial 1  and 9.7g cf 14.3g; NS in trial 2) and by drenching (68g cf 118g; P<0.01 in  trial 1 and 8.8g cf 15.2g; NS in trial 2). Lambs grazing lotus had  significantly (P<0.01) higher faecal dry matter content than those grazing  ryegrass. We conclude that lotus has considerable potential for a future role  in the integrated management of flystrike and dags.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Veenvliet BA and Littlejohn RP and Stuart SK and Suttie JM}
}
@conference {40733,
	title = {Growth Hormone (GH) secretory patterns in genetically lean and fat sheep},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {55},
	year = {1995},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {272-274},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {The pattern of GH secretion was studied in Coopworth sheep which  have been selected for low (Lean) or high (Fat) ultrasonic backfat depth over  15 years. At each of two developmental stages (February and May) Lean and  Fat ram lambs were fed ad libitum or fasted for 48 hours (n=6 per treatment).   Animals were blood sampled via an indwelling jugular cannula every 10  minutes for six hours, then slaughtered and the pituitary glands removed and  weighted.   Mean GH was greater for Lean than Fat animals (2.82 versus 1.42 ng/ml,  p<0.001), in February than in May (2.47 versus 1.62 ng/ml, p<0.001) and for  fasted than fed animals (2.48 versus 1.62 ng/ml, p<0.001). Analysis of GH  secretory patterns showed that peak frequency for Lean animals was more  than twice that for Fat animals (2.64 versus 1.17 peaks/6 hours, p<0.001).   There was no difference in the peak amplitude. In line with their higher GH  concentrations, Lean animals had significantly heavier pituitaries than Fat  animals (0.74 versus 0.52 g, p<0.001).   Selection for leanness in Coopworth sheep has altered the GH secretory  pattern of the animals. The pituitary weight may explain some of these  changes in GH secretion.  },
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Francis SM and Veenvliet BA and Littlejohn RP and Stuart SK and Suttie JM}
}
@conference {40066,
	title = {Energy nutrition of young red deer (Cervus elaphus) hinds and a comparison with young stags},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	volume = {47},
	year = {1987},
	month = {Jan},
	pages = {111-113},
	publisher = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	organization = {New Zealand Society of Animal Production},
	abstract = {Salmon farming began in New Zealand in 1976 with the introduction of ocean ranching. With this method of aquaculture, juvenile salmon are reared in freshwater and then released to the sea where they grow and subsequently return as adults at 2, 3 or 4 years of age to the freshwater release point. Two other methods of culture are also being practised, sea cage rearing and freshwater pond culture. With these 2 methods the salmon are reared to market size while fed an artificial diet. The increased rearing costs of these 2 methods of culture is offset by the higher survival of juvenile salmon to market size compared with ocean ranching. With ocean ranging 1-2\% survival is considered the minimum necessary for a successful operation while returns of over 3\% have been received at some hatcheries. Salmon production has increased from about 200 t in 1984-85 season (October to March) to 712 t in 1986-87. Exports in 1986-87 were approximately 353 t valued at $NZ4 million.},
	issn = {1176-5283},
	author = {Suttie JM and Fennessy PF and Veenvliet BA and Littlejohn RP and Fisher MW and Corson ID and Labes RE}
}
